[Music] so in this video I'm going to briefly talk about procaryotic transcription and translation in future videos I'm going to go more in depth on the transcription and translation part but for this video it's mostly to just give you an overview of procaryotic transcription and translation and compare it to how it differs from eukariotic transcription and translation so the major thing that's going to come up many many times when you're studying biology or genetics or biochemistry is that procaryotic transcription and translation are coupled so this is in contrast to eukariotic transcription and translation where they're separated so what do I mean by that well if you look here this blue line is a strand of DNA and then you have polymerases which are these little white blobs essentially and then the RNA polymerases are creating mRNA which are these red strands and then the MRNA is being translated by the ribosome immediately and so that's what I mean when I say that in Pro carots transcription and translation are coupled so just as a brief reminder transcript description is a synthesis of RNA from DNA and in this case we're talking about mRNA so remember the MRNA is the red strand being synthesized from the DNA which is the blue strand using RNA polymerase which is a white blob on the other hand translation is the synthesis of proteins from the MRNA so the ribosomes are these little brown hamburger looking buns and they bind to the MRNA over here in order to create proteins and as you can see from this image the polypeptide which is what makes up a protein is formed from the ribosome and other terms that are going to come up often are poly ribosomes so essentially the definition of a poly ribosome is when one mRNA strand is attached to many Ravis so over here you have a poly ribosome you have a poly ribosome here and here and here by definition it is when mRNA is attached to two or more ribosomes So Pro carots couple transcription and translation in order to make many proteins like very quickly so I'm going to make a future video about UK carotic transcription and trans translation but for now just remember that proc carots are single celled so they don't have organel so they don't have a separate nucleus as a result the area where you're making mRNA is going to be essentially the same area as where the ribosomes are so as you're making the MRNA the ribosomes can come in and attach the MRNA to create proteins immediately now remember in contrast to eukaryotic transcription and translation UK cariot have a nucleus which separates the ribosomes from the MRNA so remember that in the nucleus is where the DNA is transcribed into mRNA and then in UK carots the MRNA has to be processed in the nucleus before it's sent out into the cytoplasm where the ribosomes can work on the MRNA to essentially make it into a protein so the most important thing I hope you got out of this video is that you understand now how Pro carots couple transcription and translation and they do this to make lots of protein very quickly so that pretty much sums it up for this video thank you for watching and I hope you liked the video and found it useful if you did please be sure to give this video a like And subscribe if you want to see more videos like this [Music]