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What is the key difference in the pathophysiology of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
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Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the pancreas producing no insulin due to autoimmune destruction, whereas Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance.
Why is it important for nursing students to understand the pathophysiology of diabetes and metabolic syndrome?
Understanding the pathophysiology of diabetes and metabolic syndrome is crucial for nursing students to provide effective care, educate patients on disease management, and make informed clinical decisions.
What are the implications of high blood sugar on the body and its organs?
High blood sugar can lead to damage in blood vessels, nerves, and organs over time, contributing to complications such as heart disease, kidney damage, and vision problems.
Define hypoglycemia and its critical implications.
Hypoglycemia is defined as blood sugar under 70 mg/dL and can lead to brain death.
What are the main risk factors for Type 1 diabetes?
Genetic predisposition is the main risk factor for Type 1 diabetes.
How is metabolic syndrome diagnosed using the 'BOWL' criteria?
Metabolic syndrome is identified using the 'BOWL' criteria: Blood pressure, Blood sugar, Obesity, Lipid levels.
What are the key lab values for NCLEX related to diabetes management?
Normal glucose (70 - 115 mg/dL), Fasting glucose (<100 mg/dL), Hemoglobin A1C (<6.5%).
Explain the role of insulin and glucagon in blood sugar regulation.
Insulin is released to lower blood sugar levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells, while glucagon is released to raise blood sugar levels by releasing stored glucose from the liver.
What is the mnemonic 'BOWL' used for in the context of diabetes and metabolic syndrome?
'BOWL' stands for Blood pressure, Blood sugar, Obesity, Lipid levels and is used to identify metabolic syndrome in patients.
Explain the role of glucagon in regulating blood sugar levels.
Glucagon is released to increase blood sugar levels by breaking down glycogen in the liver when there is no food intake.
How are Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes different in terms of treatment approach?
Type 1 diabetes requires insulin therapy as the pancreas does not produce insulin, while Type 2 diabetes may initially be managed with lifestyle changes and oral medications before progressing to insulin therapy if needed.
What is the significance of Acanthosis nigricans in diabetes?
Acanthosis nigricans is a sign of insulin resistance and appears as brownish or dark thickening of the skin around the neck and armpits.
How does poor diet and sedentary lifestyle contribute to Type 2 diabetes?
Poor diet and sedentary lifestyle can lead to insulin resistance, disrupting normal blood sugar regulation and resulting in Type 2 diabetes.
What lab values indicate a diagnosis of diabetes?
Diabetes is diagnosed with increased fasting blood sugar (>126 mg/dL) or HbA1c (>6.5%).
Explain the relationship between metabolic syndrome and the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.
Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke due to its association with hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia.
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