Why Jakarta is sinking

Sep 30, 2024

Sinking of Jakarta: Causes and Consequences

Overview

  • Location and Condition: Waladuna Mosque in Jakarta is in ruins, submerged, and serves as a warning for the city's future.
  • Historical Context: Last used in 2001, highlighting the dire situation.

Jakarta's Sinking

  • Current Situation: Jakarta is sinking, not just due to rising sea levels, but also because of subsidence.
  • Rate of Sinking: Particularly severe on the north coast, sinking by 25 cm per year.
  • Implications for Residents: Fishermen and more than 10 million residents are at risk of displacement by 2050.

Causes of Sinking

  • Lack of Piped Water: Most residents lack access to clean water and rely on wells.
  • Groundwater Extraction: Over-extraction compacts soil, causing ground collapse.
  • Urban Development: Concrete surfaces prevent natural rainwater replenishment of aquifers.

Historical Background

  • Colonial Influence: Dutch colonization led to segregation and inadequate water infrastructure.
  • Canals as a Historical Divider: Used for trade and control, deteriorated over time leading to health issues.
  • Post-Colonial Challenges: The city's population grew but infrastructure didn't keep pace.

Impact of Development

  • Population Growth: Increased demand for housing and infrastructure.
  • Infrastructure Deficits: Less than 50% of population has piped water, forcing reliance on groundwater.

Government Response and Challenges

  • Seawall Projects: Initiatives to build and reinforce seawalls face challenges like continuous sinking.
  • Proposed Solutions: A $40 billion giant seawall plan is in place but may take decades.
  • Need for Immediate Action: Groundwater extraction must stop, requiring alternative water sources.

Comparisons to Other Cities

  • Successful Examples: Tokyo, Taipei, Shanghai, and Bangkok have mitigated sinking by providing piped water.

Conclusion

  • Urgency of Action: Without serious measures, Jakarta may continue to sink, impacting millions.
  • Legacy of Colonialism: The city's current plight is tied to its colonial history and inadequate infrastructure.

The transcript outlines the urgent need for a viable water infrastructure solution in Jakarta to prevent further sinking and displacement of its residents.