Back to notes
Describe the roles of auxins in geotropism and their impact on plant growth.
Press to flip
Auxins promote plant growth by elongating cells; in geotropism, they redistribute, causing roots to grow downward (positive geotropism) and shoots to grow upwards (negative geotropism), aiding stability and resource acquisition.
What is the primary difference between nastic responses and tropisms in plants?
Nastic responses are non-directional movements caused by turgor pressure, while tropisms are growth movements towards or away from directional stimuli, often involving hormones like auxin.
How does territorial behavior provide a survival advantage in intra-specific competition?
Territorial behavior ensures access to critical resources like food and mates, and provides a safe area for rearing offspring, crucial for survival and reproductive success.
Outline the biological basis and adaptive significance of migration using the City Shearwater as an example.
Migration in City Shearwaters involves a high energy cost due to individual-based rather than flock-based movement, which provides adaptive advantages such as accessing varied resources seasonally and improving survival and reproduction chances.
What are the potential consequences of monogamous pair bonds in species like the bat-eared fox regarding genetic diversity?
Monogamous pair bonds can limit genetic diversity due to limited mating partners, but they also ensure shared parental investment, increasing offspring survival.
Discuss the relationship between endogenous rhythms and external environmental cues, referencing tree weta's adaptive behavior.
Endogenous rhythms are internally controlled but can be modified by external cues. Tree weta use phase shifts in response to environmental changes to maintain behavior efficiency, offering adaptive advantages like better resource allocation or predator avoidance.
How do actograms aid in the study of biological rhythms in animals, and what is their significance?
Actograms are graphical representations of an animal's activity patterns, showing endogenous rhythms and how they are influenced by environmental cues, important for understanding behavior and adaptation to environments.
How does the phytochrome system function and why is it crucial for plant adaptation to their environment?
The phytochrome system detects light changes, allowing plants to sense day length changes and environmental conditions, crucial for timing processes like flowering and germination, optimizing survival and reproductive success.
Explain the difference between mutualism and commensalism in interspecific relationships.
Mutualism benefits both species involved in the relationship, while commensalism benefits one species without affecting the other.
How do phytochromes assist in the regulation of flowering in plants?
Phytochromes, through their conversion between red and far-red forms, help plants detect changes in light duration and quality, which influences whether a plant will flower based on its classification as a short day, long day, or neutral day plant.
In what ways do hierarchical structures within animal groups reduce competition?
Hierarchical structures establish clear dominance orders, minimizing aggressive encounters over resources, as lower-ranked individuals defer to higher-ranked ones, which keeps peace within the group.
Describe the process and adaptive advantage of allelopathy in plants, using the Manuka seedling as an example.
Allelopathy involves plants releasing chemicals into the soil to inhibit the growth of competing plants. This adaptive advantage allows the Manuka seedling to exploit resources more effectively by reducing competition.
What strategies do prey use in avoidance tactics, and how do these relate to predator adaptations?
Prey may use mimicry, camouflage, or rapid escape responses as avoidance strategies, which often co-evolve with predator adaptations for improved hunting efficiency, such as enhanced senses or speed.
What are K-strategies and R-strategies in parental care, and how do they reflect different environmental adaptations?
K-strategies involve high parental investment with fewer offspring, adapting to stable environments with high competition, while R-strategies produce many offspring with less care, suited for unpredictable environments where quantity increases survival chances.
Why are plant tropisms considered an adaptive advantage, and how do they impact a plant’s ability to thrive?
Tropisms allow plants to grow towards favorable conditions (e.g., light or nutrients), enhancing resource acquisition and survival chances, critical for thriving in competitive environments.
Explain how taxis differs from kinesis in animal movement.
Taxis is a directional movement towards or away from a stimulus, while kinesis is a non-directional change in the speed or rate of movement in response to a stimulus.
Previous
Next