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What is the role of the hypothenar muscles, and can you name some of them?
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The hypothenar muscles are involved in movements of the little finger, including abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi, and palmaris brevis.
Which muscles are responsible for abducting and adducting the fingers and where are they located?
Dorsal Interossei (abduct fingers), Palmar Interossei (adduct fingers), located within the hand
What are the primary movements performed by the rotator cuff muscles?
Internal and external rotation
Describe the anatomical position and primary function of the supraspinatus.
Supraspinatus is located in the supraspinous fossa and is involved in abduction of the arm.
Name the muscles that constitute the rotator cuff, using the 'SITS' mnemonic.
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis
Name the muscle involved in supination at the radioulnar joints and its location.
Supinator, located deep in the posterior compartment of the forearm
What are the common symptoms and causes of rotator cuff injuries?
Symptoms include pain on lifting/rotating arm, swelling, and shoulder joint stiffness. Causes include tendonitis, bursitis, and strains.
Describe the anatomical location and function of the biceps brachii.
The biceps brachii have two heads (long and short) and act on the shoulder and elbow joints, primarily flexing the forearm and assisting in supination.
What muscle aids in flexion of the forearm and is innervated by the radial nerve?
Brachioradialis
Which muscle is considered the major abductor of the arm and resembles the Greek letter Delta?
Deltoid
Explain the role of the lumbricals in the hand.
Lumbricals flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints.
List the functions of the anterior compartment deep muscles of the forearm.
Flexor Pollicis Longus (flexes thumb), Flexor Digitorum Profundus (flexes digits), Pronator Quadratus (deepest, pronation)
What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand, and what do they primarily function in?
Intrinsic muscles include Dorsal Interossei, Palmar Interossei, Lumbricals, Thenar muscles, and Hypothenar muscles. They are involved in fine motor movements and complex finger and thumb actions.
Which muscle is the main flexor of the forearm at the elbow and where is it located?
Brachialis, located deep to the biceps brachii
What is the primary function of the triceps brachii and how many heads does it have?
The triceps brachii extends the arm and forearm and has three heads: long, lateral, and medial.
Which forearm muscles are primarily responsible for the extensor movements?
Posterior compartment muscles including Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus & Brevis, Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Digiti Minimi, and Extensor Carpi Ulnaris.
Identify and describe the functions of the superficial anterior forearm muscles.
Pronator Teres (pronation), Flexor Carpi Radialis (flexes carpal bones), Palmaris Longus (inserts on palm ligaments), Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (flexes carpal bones on the ulnar side), Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (flexes digits)
Which forearm muscle is responsible for pronation and where does it insert?
Pronator teres, inserts on the radius
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