foreign we have understood join method and replace method now we will understand few more methods in this presentation let's see the topics of this presentation the first topic is upper method the second topic is lower method the third topic is capitalize method the fourth topic is is upper method and the last topic the fifth topic is is lower method we will understand all these methods in detail let's start from the first topic which is upper method so what is an upper method upper method is used to convert all letters of the string to uppercase so this method as the name itself suggests is used to convert all letters all letters of the string to uppercase let's see the syntax of the upper method now we need to apply upper method on the string and upper method is capable enough to convert all letters of the string to which it is applied to uppercase so first we need to provide the string then the dot operator and then the upper method with parentheses now let's move to command prompt and let's see one simple example of how upper method works so let's open the command prompt after activating the python interactive shell we are ready to type in the commands here let's type this command hello I am just preet this string then dot operator then upper method itself and please note that upper method does not accept any arguments we need to provide upper method like this only we cannot simply write upper we need to write these parentheses as well so in this way we can write this command and if we hit enter we will get this entire string where each letter is capitalized so all letters are converted to uppercase as we can observe from the string the characters which are already uppercase will remain as it is now as we know how upper method Works let's now see how lower method works so what does lower method do lower method is used to convert all letters of the string to lowercase so the job of lower method is to convert all letters of the string to lowercase it just does the opposite of what upper method does the syntax is also pretty simple we need to apply lower method on the string in this way so string dot lower and then these parentheses let's see how lower method Works through a simple example let's open our Command Prompt and this time let's type this command hello I am just preet dot lower so we need to apply lower method to the string and as the name itself suggests it will convert all the letters to lowercase the ones which are capitalized will be converted to lowercase so if you hit enter we will get this string hello I am just preet it can be observed that h i and J are now lower case letters they were previously uppercase so this is all we need to understand about lower method let's move to the next topic which is capitalize method so what is capitalize method capitalize method returns a string where the first character is uppercase and rest are lowercase so it is very simple to understand capitalize method returns a string where the first character is uppercase first character of the string will be uppercase and rest are lowercase so if let's say we have a string where all characters are uppercase then capitalize method will convert that string in a way that the first character of that string will be an uppercase character and the rest will be lowercase the syntax is very simple we need to put the string first and then the capitalize method can be applied on that string now let's go to our Command Prompt and let's type this command maruti Suzuki dot capitalize here in this string we have small m in the beginning this will be capitalized as it is written here in the definition also that it returns a string where the first character is uppercase so this will be capitalized and then the rest of the characters will remain lowercase so the result that we will get after hitting enter will be this will get maruti Suzuki where the first letter is an uppercase letter and the rest of the characters are lowercase so if we have any uppercase character in this string after the first character then that character will be converted to a lowercase character now let's discuss one more example this time we will type this command 29 marutisuzuki dot capitalize all the characters are lowercase in the string but the first character is not a letter it is a digit so if we hit enter this time we will get this string only why is that the case the first character is not a letter so there is no point of converting it to uppercase so this is how capitalize method works now let's move on to the next topic which is is upper method so what is is upper method is upper method returns true if all characters are uppercase otherwise it returns false if all characters are uppercase then it returns true otherwise it returns false is upper method is different from upper method upper method returns a string is upper method returns a Boolean value it returns either true or false based on if all characters are uppercase then it returns true otherwise it returns false let's see the syntax the syntax is similar to the upper method here first we need to provide the string then dot operator and then the method itself now let's open the command prompt and this time we type this command Hello friends dot is upper so the string this time is Hello friends and the method is is upper if we hit enter we will get false as a result because all characters are not uppercase hence it will return false let's move on to the next example Hello dot is upper this time if we hit enter we will get true as a result because all characters in The String are uppercase characters now let's move to the next method which is is lower method is lower method returns true if all characters are lowercase otherwise it returns false so it returns true if all characters are lowercase it is just opposite to his upper method the syntax looks like this string dot is lower with parentheses now let's move to the command prompt and let's type this command Hello friends dot is lower this time the string is Hello friends all capital letters and here we are applying is lower method if we hit enter we will get false as a result because is lower method returns true if all characters are lowercase here all characters are uppercase hence is lower method will return false now let's see one more example this time let's type this command Hello dot is lower if you hit enter this time we will get true as a result because all characters are lowercase characters so we are done with these topics okay friends this is it for now thank you for watching this presentation I will see you in the next one [Music] [Applause] [Music] thank you