hello everyone my name is Victor your organic chemistry tutor and in this video we're going to draw new projections for all these molecules so without any further Ado grab yourself a cup of coffee and notebook to work through these examples with me hit the like button for good luck on the test and let's get started so the first molecule that I have over here I'm going to imagine myself standing in front of this molecule just like that so I'm standing right over here and looking at this from this direction now it's always easier for me to imagine myself in front of the molecule rather than just have the imaginary eye or something like that because this way I can kind of use my body to orient myself around the molecule and Orient the molecule around me as well so uh what I'm seeing on the front atom is going to be the Propel group the three carbon chain looking directly down then to my right up I have the chlorine atom and to my left I have the hydrogen atom like that now on the back atom I only see the O group right now so I also know that I have a couple of implicit hydrogen there so I'm going to show them as well one hydrogen would have to be on the wedge while the other hydrogen would have to be on the dash like that so in this case the o on the back atom is looking directly down again and the one hydrogen is going to be to the right and another hydren is going to be to the left like that so that what I have in front of me here is going to be an eclipsed confirmation so remember how I was talking in my Newman projections video I imagine that this line between the front and the back atom is my Horizon so anything below the Horizon which is going to be right over here is going to be looking down anything on the wedges that I have over here if I'm looking from left to right is is going to be on the right side so those are my wedges and anything on the left side those are going to be on the dashes so these are my dashes and if I'm looking at my molecule from left to right those dashes are looking away from us from the paper perspective so to speak and of course anything that we have in the plane of paper is going to be on the vertical line so that is my plane of paper like that so the O and the Propel group are on plane lines which means that they got to be in the plane of paper all right let's clean it all up because it's kind of messy with all those uh helpers and since this is the um Eclipse confirmation it's rather unstable so let's convert that into a more stable stagger confirmation so in order to do that I will have let's say my front atom stationary so I will redraw my front atom just as is so I have my chlorine here hydrogen there Propel group looking down and and on my back aom what I'm going to do with that one I'm going to rotate it counterclockwise like this so I'm going to have now the oh group looking up and then I have a couple of hydrogens just like that easy enough right all right let's look at the next example so for the next example I'm again going to imagine myself standing in front of the molecule right over here and on the front I I am missing a group because I only see a couple of groups on the front atom so that means that I got to have the implicit hydrogen looking away from me then on the back atom I again going to have one implicit hydrogen uh on the wedge and another implicit hydrogen on the dash like that so now on our front aom we have the C3 group looking down at the bottom again it looks towards my feet then on my right I have a hydrogen on my left I have an O group and notice that since in this case I'm looking at the molecule from the opposite direction not from left to right like in the first example but now from right to left so now all the wedges are going to be on the left side of the molecule and all the dashes are going to be on the right side of the molecule so on the back what I have there I have another ch3 group so I will squeeze it right there and then I have a couple of hydrogens I have one hydrogen and another hydrogen so this one is again an eclipse confirmation we don't like that much so we are going to rotate that around and again I'm going to keep my front atom just as is so I will redraw it ch3 here I've got my hydrogen on the right o on the left now in the back I'm going to do the same thing as in the uh last case I'm going to rotate my back atom by 180° so I'm going to end up with ch3 looking up and I have a couple of hydrogens looking to the sides just like that all right example number three I am standing in front of the molecule like this and looking at that from right to left again but now I have a cyclic molecule which actually is not that bad it's the idea is exactly the same as before so I'm going going to look at my front atom so the front atom has a ch2 looking up which is this ch2 over here actually let me highlight it I'm going to highlight it in green like that so it's that ch2 group then on my right side I have the chlorine atom on the left side I have the implicit hydrogen I will show it on my molecule as well over here like that then on the back I have another ch2 that's going to be looking directly up I will highlight it in Orange like that so that ch2 is uh let's say it's hiding right there behind my green ch2 so that one is my orange ch2 over here then I have the ch3 group on the left side so I will draw that one here like that and I have another implicit hydrogen down there so I will show that imp place it hydrogen right behind my chlorine now I also have one other atom that I do need to show in my molecule and that is going to be this pink ch2 so in order to show that one well that got to be connected to both green and orange ch2s so I'm just going to draw ch2 here like that and connect them to the rest of my molecule and in this case I cannot do a full 180° rotation but I can do about 60° rotation so I'll keep my front atom just as is and in this case I will end up with the ch2 looking still up then I have chlorine to the right hydrogen to the left I will rotate my back atom by 60° counterclockwise like this so that means that my orange ch2 is going to be right over here my hydrogen is going to be there and my ch3 group is down here so now I only need to add my pink CH which would be right there and connect them just like that so in this case my green ch2 is here my orange ch2 is right there and my pink ch2 is right over here so don't be afraid of the cyclic compounds drawing the new projection for the cyclic compound is literally the same thing as drawing a new one projection for anything else the rules are still exactly the same the approach is the same the only thing that you got to remember is that a couple of groups one group on the front atom one group on the back atom they will have to be interconnected somehow so it might be by one ch2 group it can be by something a little bit more complicated but just draw whatever that chain you have that connects them and that's it all right the next molecule well that one is kind of interesting because now we actually are looking at our molecule from up above well I'm going to imagine myself standing in front of it like that so here are my glasses I'm a bold guy so here's my very uh thin hair on top of my head so I'm going to be looking at this molecule like this so from this perspective what I'm seeing on my right I'm going to have that group with the uh double bond on my left looking a little bit up I'm going to have a ch3 group and then on the bottom left I'm going to have a hydrogen that one is an implicit hydrogen that's hiding behind my ch3 like that then on my back atom so on the back atom I have a ch3 I will try to squeeze it down there I don't know how much you can see but it is there then we have the O it is also going to be eclip so o is behind my hydrogen and uh we also have an implicit hydrogen on the back atom which is going to be right over here and that implicit hydrogen is going to be hiding behind my ch3 group looks like I'm doing a lot of eclipse confirmations today so to make this one look a little bit better we are going to keep the front atom as is so I'm going to draw this one here then I have my ch3 then I have my hydrogen then on the back I will just rotate it a little bit so I have a stagger confirmation with ch3 over here then hydrogen there and also I have my o group just like that yeah it's not the very common way of drawing Newman projections like that normally we would want to draw our Newman projection as a p sign or the y shape but that's a perfectly legit way of drawing Newman projection as well and if you want to draw it like that well there are no rules that say you cannot all right so the next one I am standing in front of my molecule just like that then I remember that since I need to have three different groups on each atom I have the implicit hydrogen over here since I already have a plain line and a wedged line the hydrogen must be looking away from us must be on the dash so I'm going to add it on the dash like that then what I'm seeing on my front atom so to my right is going to be the hydrogen to my left is going to be the ch3 group and then on the bottom I have a chain of three carbons like that then on my back atom over here I have ch2 Fel group like that and one very common mistake that I see a lot of students make they forget about this ch2 group over here don't forget about that thing don't just skip it don't show that b pH is directly connected to your back atom well it is not so make sure that you account for all all of the atoms in your molecule don't just skip them or forget about them or assume they're somewhere there you got to show everything all right so then on my back atom to my right I have the ch3 group and to my left bottom I have a h just like that and since this is already a staggered confirmation I don't need to rotate anything around and if I wanted to figure out whether it's the uh most stable or the least stable uh category confirmation I would look at my bulkiest groups and I see that this ch2ph is a very bulky group and on the front at of my bulkiest group is going to be this Propel uh chain and they're already looking opposite from each other they're already anti to each other so that is already going to be my most stable confirmation so I wouldn't even need to do anything to that unless of course I needed to draw the list stable confirmation or something like that so then I would rotate them to make them eclipsed in the next one we have a cyclic molecule again and as we already know the rules are still the same we are going to imagine ourselves standing in front of the molecule just like that and on the front atom I'm going to see the chlorine the ch2 which is the part of the ring and also I have the implicit hydrogen which I will show over here like that then on the back atom so here is going to be my back atom I have chlorine on the left so I will show it there I have an implicit hydrogen which got to be on the wedge just like that so I will show that implicit hydrogen behind my chlorine and I have another ch2 so my green ch2 this one is on the front atom my orange ch2 is this one on the back atom and I also have a pink group well it's actually two carbons there so I need to add two carbons over here to complete my chain so I can do just like that and that completes my structure over here if I wanted to make it a little bit more stable if I didn't want to keep it uh in the eclipsed form like that I would rotate either front or the back atom by 60° so if I keep my front atom just as is I will redro it I have hydrogen here I've got my chlorine I've got my ch H2 and then I have my back atom let's say we will rotate it by 60° clockwise so we are going to be going in this direction like that so my chlorine is going to be here my hydrogen is going to be there and I also have my ch2 group and both of my ch2s need to be connected to each other like that by a small chain of two carbons all right the first example here is the dreaded d Newman projection for something like that that generally indicates that we are going to draw a Newman projection of a chair confirmation and I don't know why a lot of people hate it I think it's kind of fun so first thing first let's start by drawing a well a chair confirmation so I'm going to arbitrarily number my Atom 1 2 3 4 five and six like that just so I have the anchor points uh just so I you know know where my atoms are next I'm going going to draw my chair so I will go 3 by one 3 by one then on the bottom I'm going to go 3x one 3x one connect those guys and voila I have a perfect chair so my carbon number one is going to be here I did the numbering clockwise before so I'm going to do the numbering clockwise uh in my chair as well so I'm going to have one 2 3 4 five and six like that so on carbon number one my groups should look like this and chlorine is on the wedge which means that the chlorine atom is going to be in the up position so I'm going to add my chlorine here then we do have an implicit hydrogen so that implicit hydrogen is going to be in the down position then on carbon number two my groups should look like this we have an implicit hydrogen that's going to be on the wedge so the hydrogen is in the up position while the O group is in the down position then on carbon number four the correct positioning of groups is like this so we have the isopropyl group on the wedge so that is an up position and implicit hydren is going to be the down position and finally on my last carbon carbon number five my groups are going to be like this here I have ch3 in the up position and we have bromine in the down position like that so we are looking at the bonds between atoms 1 and two and four and five like this from the direction where the front atoms are well look at that right here they are in the front so making a newon projection out of chair is actually very easy I'm going to first look at my front atoms my front atoms in both cases are right over here so here is my one front atom and here is my second front atom so what I'm going to do I will draw these two guys so I have my isopropyl coming to front atom which is connected to ch2 which is then connected to another front atom we have hydrogen over here o looking down and another hydrogen looking down like that now I'm going to look at my back atoms so I have a back atom here in and I have another back atom over there so I'm going to draw those ones so on the back I have ch3 looking up bromine to this side then we have ch2 in the middle connecting to the other back atom where I have chlorine looking up hydrogen looking to the side and there you get it you have the Newman projection for a chair confirmation uh for a six member rink with a bunch of groups on it so whenever you're facing a problem like that my suggestion is going to be always draw your chair first and then from chair it's going to be much easier to convert that chair into the Newman projection because you're literally just drawing what you're seeing there and of course that only works when you draw a proper chair if you are not very uh comfortable or familiar with how to draw a chair conation well you should probably practice that because as you can see if you have drawn a proper chair then converting then into a new projection is a easy job but if your chair is all crooked with wrong angles and stuff like that then there is no way you are going to be easily doing any analysis of that chair confirmation whatsoever all right next example we are standing in front of my molecule like this so on my front atom we have a ch3 looking directly down then we have ch3 to our left and we have an implicit hydrogen to our right I will show that implicit hydrogen on the dash and whenever we are looking at the molecule from right to left the dashes are going to be on the right side of the Newman projection then on our back atom we have the athl group looking up so I will show it like this we've got the O group on the right bottom side and we have another implicit hydrogen which in this case would be on the wedge like that on the bottom left so uh from right to left our wedges are on the left dashes are on the right and if we have it the other way around then well it is the other way around in this case the confirmation is already staggered so I don't really need to move anything around so I am happy with this structure and the last one is again a fun one when we are looking at our molecule From Below up so again I'm going to imagine myself standing in front of this molecule like this and looking at that from this direction so what I'm seeing on the front atom is going to be the Fel group on my direct right then chlorine is looking to the left up the ch3 group is looking uh down left like that then on the back atom I have the uh ch3 group in the same plane with the Fel group but on the left side now the O is going to be on my top right and we also have an implicit hydrogen over there I'm going to draw it like that so that implicit hydrogen is going to be on the bottom right and of course if I am very picky about how I draw my Newman projections I can redraw it in a more classic way where it looks like an a piece sign or a um y shape so in this case let's say we are going to draw it so that the fenel group is up which means that the chlorine is going to be to the left ch3 is going to be to the right then on my back atom I will show my o here the hydrogen is going to be on the right side and the other ch3 on the back atom is going to be looking down so what do you guys think about these kind of walkthrough videos whenever I'm just talking through the examples and I'm solving them as I go if you like videos like that let me know in the comments below click the like button share this video with your friends and classmates and I will see you tomorrow