hello ladies and gentlemen and welcome back to another episode of ap world history amsco readings with your favorite host motto entertainment and today we are back with another episode today we are reading from chapter 9.1 advances in technology and exchange i hope you're all done exchanging clicks with your monitor and sit back and enjoy as we advance on through this chapter quote technology made large populations possible large populations now make technology indispensable end quote joseph crutch writer and naturalist 1893-1970 essential question how has the development of new technology changed the world since 1900 while the population of the world grew globalization made the world feel smaller as it advances in telecommunications technology starting in the early 1900s radio brought news music and cultural events to a wide range of people later in the century air travel and shipping containers large standard sized units that could be carried on a truck or train or stacked on ship promoted the widespread movement of people and goods energy technologies such as the use of oil and nuclear power made it possible to transport goods faster and more cheaply than ever the internet the internet first developed for the u.s defense department during the cold war emerged as a regular tool of communication for such and for a much of the public by the late 1990s knowledge economies based on developing or sharing information took root in cities around the world communication and transportation decades before the introduction of the internet communication technologies were still connecting people around the world television and television and radios oh ads encourage people to reach out and touch someone by making a long distance phone call by the 1990s mobile technology such as the cell phone i want to put tool and put the tools of information creation and dissemination into the hands of individuals around the world twitter facebook and other social and networking sites made the media accessible to anyone anywhere the impact of this revolution became apparent quickly videos taken on phones of police actions in the united states and other countries led to inquiries interracial profiling and sparked outrage social media also played a role in the arab spring a series of anti-government protests that spread from country to country in north africa and the middle east in the 2010s as people shared their protest experiences on social media while communication technologies put people in virtual touch transportation advances advancements move people and goods into actual proximity every day about 2 million people fly on an airplane cargo planes transport commercial shipments around the clock giant tankers up to one quarter mile in length loaded with thousands of shipping containers ply the sea in increasing number in increasing numbers some of them too big to fit in the panama canal the green revolution in the mid 20th century the green revolution emerged as a possible long-term response to hunger scientists developed new varieties of wheat rice and other grains that had higher yields and greater resistance to pests disease and drought the new varieties were first developed by cross breeding breeding two varieties of a plant to create a hybrid most recently scientists have used genetic engineering manipulating a cell or organism to change its basical basic characteristics farmers had also used more irrigation fertilizers and pesticides in brazil and elsewhere people burned down forests and plowed the land for agriculture acreage devoted to crops especially grains increased dramatically worldwide the green revolution and solutions were not free of problems many small farmers could not afford the new fertilizers or pesticides for this reason they were often unable to compete with large landowners many small farmers were forced to sell their land increasing the holdings of large landowners even more also since some of the techniques developed in the green revolution involved the use of mechanized equipment fewer jobs were available for farm laborers finally the heavy applications of chemicals damage to the soil and the environment and as you can see here we have a nice chart here with that says total grain production in china 1945 to 2010 and it appears to have reached its peak in around 2000 actually while it seems to have a common trend of always going up and then dipping down heading back up even higher along with on the side we can see that this is rated for millions of tons so in the around 2000 there's around roughly 5 over 500 million of tons of grain product produced in china now back to the reading genetic engineering created its own set of concerns as well some argued that a genetic modify modification designed to give a plant resistance to insects might inadvertently cause decline in the population of pollinating insects such as bees another problem was the loss of old seed varieties as new genetically engineered plants were adopted energy technologies in 1900 coal accounted for about half of the global energy consumed as extraction refinement and transportation technologies allowed for widespread use petroleum also known as crude oil and natural gas joined the coal in fueling industrial output and helped increase productivity research in the 1930s and 1940s that led to the atomic bomb also led to the first use of nuclear power plants to generate electricity for factories and homes fossil fuels coal petroleum and natural glass gas are non-renewable resources once they have been used up the supply is permanently depleted fossil fuels have contributed to air pollution and to the cloak of greenhouse gases especially carbon dioxide that allow sunlight through the earth's atmosphere but block the escape of earth's heat nuclear power while considered a clean energy has its own dangers accidents at nuclear power plants have caused serious problems with leaked radiation and storing nuclear waste was hazardous cons has hazardous consequences technologies continue to be developed to combat the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases as well as minimize harm from nuclear power the the building of nuclear power plants declined starting in the 1980s and nuclear power accounts for only about five percent of global energy consumption renewable resources such as the wind and solar power are beginning to supply energy to both industries and homes but they too represent only five percent of global energy output medical innovations a number of advances in medicines have a dramatic effect on the survival and longevity of humans medical research and advancement benefit from and also aspire new technologies antibiotics in 1928 scottish biologist alexander fleming was working in his lab in london when he accidentally discovered that a particular fungus produced a substance that killed bacteria he he had discovered penicillin penicillin became the first antibiotic a useful agent in curing bacterial infections during world war ii antibiotics saved the lives of soldiers who would have died in any previous war from a minor wound that became infected after the war antibiotics spread to civilian use where they fought a range of illnesses i would like to sound one warning fleming said in a speech as he accepted the nobel prize he pointed out that the extensive use of antibiotics carried a risk by killing off certain strains of a disease antibiotics allowed the evolution of strains of the disease unaffected by them these antibiotic resistant strains could be untreatable this prospect raised fears of renewed epidemics of disease once under control as you can see here there is a source on the page from getty images and there is a bottle of penicillin that appears with stating the caption penicillin fungi are the most are the source of penicillin which people can take orally or be or by injection penicillin works by interfering with bacterial cell walls scientists began to treat humans with the drug in 1941. as you can see it is still put into effect to this day back to the reading reliable birth control another groundbreaking medical advance was in birth control in the early 1950s scientist gregor pincus discovered a birth control pill a more reliable method that the barrier methods that then in use scientists tested the pill on women in the 1950s and the us government approved it for the widespread use in 1960 as a result of the pill and other forms of birth control fertility rates declined in much of the world in other words the average women and woman began having fewer babies than her mother or grandmother had birth control transformed sexual practices and played a part in reshaping gender roles by 2018 more than 3 million women worldwide were using modern forms of contraption including the pill vaccines vaccines have existed since 1796 but governments and non-profit organizations did not begin developing and widely distributing vaccines to prevent deadly diseases until after 1900. thanks to vaccines polio and measles became rare and small pox was eradicated by the 1980s vaccines are also available to prevent mumps measles tentinitis this delphia and whooping cough all potentially serious diseases as of 2019 a malaria vaccine is in the trial stage according to the world health organization who vaccines were preventing as many as 3 million deaths each year in the 21st century however the who also said the best vaccine better vaccination coverage would save another 1.5 million people annually some people some people were unable to get vaccinated because they lived in hard to reach areas key terms by theme society communication radio internet environment ecology green revolution cross breeding genetic engineering technology travel shipping containers technology medicine antibiotic birth control fertility rates vaccine and ladies and gentlemen that's going to do it for today's reading and i hope you all enjoyed the this video and if you guys like the video please hit the like button subscribe and also hit the notification bell to stay up to date when i post more content now we're going to be covering another video too shortly so stay tuned for 9.2 however one thing i do want to answer is the essential question after all the development of new technology he changed the world ever since 1900 is still in effect today like for example the development of the car for example which actually caused some of the problems actually sparked the green revolution for example or at least helped to spark it because with the green revolution it also was referring to petroleum gases also typically found and used in cars therefore you can also say ap students and just keep this in mind when making your claims on your ap test that potentially some technology technological advances even cause some of these concerns such as medications actually cause a concern for certain mental health illnesses as well as other possible problems in the future of humanity as well as cars even possibly sparking some further issues when it comes to the group and to the world and also greenhouse gases being a major effect in even harming us up to today however again that's my thoughts on that again if you enjoyed the video please like and subscribe hit the notification bell stay tuned for 9.2 stay happy stay safe and remember ladies and gentlemen stay entertained