Control and Coordination Lecture Recap

Jul 20, 2024

Control and Coordination Lecture Recap

Introduction

  • Tutor: Khushboo Ma'am from Vedantu
  • Session: One-shot revision of Control and Coordination in 20 minutes
  • Method: Mind mapping for easy recall during exams

Methods of Control in Human Body

  1. Nervous System
    • Components: Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves
    • Nerves: Wires coming out from brain and spinal cord
    • Function: Transmit information
  2. Chemical Control (Endocrine System)
    • Function: Releases hormones responsible for chemical control in the body
    • Components: Endocrine glands

Receptors

  • Function: Transfer external environment information to brain or spinal cord
  • Types:
    • Phono Receptors: Detect sound (e.g., hearing a teacher)
    • Photo Receptors: Detect light (e.g., seeing food)
    • Thermo Receptors: Detect heat and pain (e.g., touching something hot)
    • Olfactory Receptors: Detect smell (e.g., smelling food)
    • Gustatory Receptors: Detect taste

Neurons

  • Structure: Neurons are the functional units of the nervous system
    • Components:
      • Cell Body (Cyton)
      • Axon
      • Axon Terminals
      • Dendrites
  • Function: Transmit nerve impulses
  • Transmission Path: Dendrite → Cell Body → Axon → Axon Terminals
  • Types of Neurons:
    • Sensory Neurons: Transmit information from sensory organs to the brain
    • Motor Neurons: Transmit information from the brain to muscles or glands
    • Inter Neurons: Connect sensory and motor neurons
  • Synapse: Junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters assist in impulse transmission
    • Neurotransmitters: Chemicals like acetylcholine transform electrical impulses to chemical signals

Central Nervous System

  1. Brain
    • Protection: Cranium, Meninges, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
    • Parts:
      • Forebrain: Cerebrum (controls voluntary actions, sensory information, learning, and memory)
      • Midbrain: Mostly involved in visual and auditory processing
      • Hindbrain: Cerebellum (controls motor functions, posture, and balance), Medulla Oblongata (controls involuntary functions like heartbeat and digestion), Pons (controls respiration and sleep cycle)
  2. Spinal Cord

Peripheral Nervous System

  • Divisions:
    • Cranial Nerves: 12 pairs
    • Spinal Nerves: 31 pairs
  • Further Divisions:
    • Autonomic Nervous System: Controls involuntary actions (divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic)
    • Somatic Nervous System: Controls voluntary actions

Plant Control and Coordination

  1. Types of Movements
    • Nastic Movements: Non-directional (e.g., Touch Me Not plant)
    • Tropic Movements: Directional growth based on stimuli (e.g., Phototropism, Geotropism)
  2. Hormones
    • Growth Promoters: Gibberellins, Auxins, Cytokinins
    • Growth Inhibitors: Ethylene (also for fruit ripening), Abscisic Acid

Human Hormones

  1. Glands and Hormones:
    • Pineal Gland: Melatonin (regulates sleep)
    • Pituitary Gland: Multiple hormones like Growth Hormone, Oxytocin (Master Gland)
    • Thyroid Gland: Thyroxine
    • Adrenal Gland: Adrenaline, Cortisol
    • Pancreas: Insulin, Glucagon
    • Ovaries: Estrogen, Progesterone
    • Testes: Testosterone

Homework Question

  • Question: Name the hormone which helps in the ripening of fruit.

Note: Join the Telegram link provided for more notes and updates.