Endocrine System Overview

Importance of Color-Coding

• Blue: Name of endocrine organs
• Pink: Name of hormones
• Green: Function of hormones
• Black: Control relationships

Pituitary Gland

• Located in the brain
• Known as the "master gland"
• Divided into anterior and posterior sections

Anterior Pituitary Gland

• Produces seven hormones

Hormones Produced:

1. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

   • Targets adrenal gland
   • Stimulates release of steroid hormones (aldosterone, cortisone, testosterone)

2. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) & Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

   • Target ovaries and testes
   • Induce production of estrogen and testosterone
   • Facilitate maturation of sperm and eggs

3. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

   • Targets thyroid gland
   • Stimulates production of thyroxin
   • Affects metabolism

4. Growth Hormone (GH)

   • Receptors found on most cells
   • Promotes repair and growth

5. Prolactin

   • Targets mammary glands
   • Stimulates milk production
   • Functions in the brain, with some unknown effects

6. Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)

   • Targets melanocytes in the skin
   • Encourages pigment production

Posterior Pituitary Gland

• Releases two hormones made in the hypothalamus

Hormones Released:

1. Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)

   • Targets kidneys
   • Conserves water
   • Can increase blood pressure or reduce dehydration

2. Oxytocin

   • Targets uterus, mammary glands, brain
   • Facilitates milk ejection, uterine contractions
   • Associated with bonding and relaxation

Hypothalamus

• Part of the brain, controls pituitary gland
• Connection to limbic system indicates emotional influence on hormone regulation
• Mind-body connection evident in stress affecting hormonal balance

Pineal Gland

• Located in the epithalamus of the brain
• Produces Melatonin
  • Released in the dark
  • Induces sleepiness

Conclusion

• Part one covers the major endocrine organs and their hormones
• Part two will continue with more endocrine structures and functions