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Which primary muscles are engaged in shoulder adduction?
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Pectoralis major, teres major, latissimus dorsi.
List the primary muscles responsible for shoulder flexion.
Anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, biceps long head.
Name the three degrees of freedom allowed by the GH joint.
Flexion/Extension, Abduction/Adduction, External/Internal rotation, Horizontal abduction/adduction.
Identify the muscles that contribute to shoulder extension.
Posterior deltoid, teres major, latissimus dorsi.
Which muscles attach to the lateral side of the humeral bone to facilitate external rotation?
Infraspinatus, teres minor, and posterior deltoid (assists).
Describe the sequence of muscle activation during shoulder abduction.
Supraspinatus initiates, biceps long head assists, deltoid dominates after initial 15-20 degrees.
Discuss the contribution of the posterior deltoid in shoulder movements.
The posterior deltoid assists in external rotation and is a primary muscle in shoulder extension.
What role does the subscapularis play in shoulder movement?
It is a primary muscle for internal rotation of the shoulder.
Which muscles are primarily responsible for external rotation of the shoulder?
Infraspinatus, teres minor, posterior deltoid (assists).
Explain the function of the subacromial and subcoracoid bursa.
The subacromial bursa is located beneath the acromion providing cushioning, and the subcoracoid bursa is beneath the coracoid process.
Which ligaments contribute to the stability of the GH joint?
Coracohumeral ligament, Glenohumeral ligament (Superior, Middle, Inferior).
How does immobilization affect the shoulder joint?
It can lead to conditions like frozen shoulder.
Why is the GH joint susceptible to injuries?
Due to its high range of motion and reliance on muscles, ligaments, and capsules for stability.
What are the primary muscles involved in shoulder abduction?
Middle deltoid, supraspinatus, biceps long head (in external rotation).
What anatomical structures form the glenohumeral (GH) joint?
The humeral head and the scapula.
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