Webinar on Production Logging Tools

Introduction

• Host: Jama Tarn Dzic, Masters student in Petroleum Engineering, University of Houston
• Guest: Engineer Maria Laticia Vasquez
  • BSc in Mechanical Engineering
  • 19 years with SJER
  • Experience in Egypt, Oman, Scotland, and Sudan
  • Roles: Field Engineer, Casole Logging Instructor, Domain Champion for Well Integrity, Production Logging, and Perforation
• Topic: Production Logging Tools

Key Topics Covered

Production Logging Overview

• Well measurement to understand production performance
• Identify source of oil, water, and gas production
• Two types of wells illustrated: One with water production from the lowest zone, another with water channeling through poor cement
• Objective: Determine zone-by-zone fluid movement

Logging Methods

• Often performed without a rig in place (rigless)
• Schlumberger truck and wireline cable used
• Measure zone-specific production
• Conditions: Shutting (static well), Flowing (open well with stable flow)
  • Shutting: Spinner calibration, detect cross flow
  • Flowing: Identify flow profile, fluid entries, confirm zones of production

Production Logging Issues

• Evaluation: Assess initial productivity and create a baseline log
• Monitoring: Track changes over time, detect breakthrough of unwanted fluids (water, gas)
• Diagnosis: High gas or water zones, cross flow detection
• Enhancing Production: Plan workover, detect tubing leaks

Sensors in Production Logging

• Sensor Needs
  • Measure oil, gas, water quantities: Flow rate = Velocity x Area
  • Spinner (Flow meter), Caliper, Density sensor, Electrical probe, Optical probe, RTD (measures temperature), Pressure gauge
• Typical String Components
  • Basic string: Pressure, temperature, gamma ray, spinner, caliper
  • Other tools: Electrical probe, Optical probe, Gadi Manometer Tool, Nuclear measurements (Water Flow Log)

Spinner Logging

• Measure fluid flow velocity
• Calibration: Convert rotational velocity to linear velocity
• Response: Influenced by cable speed and fluid flow velocity
• Calibration Plot: Consistency in spinner response for accurate measurements
• Dealing with deviations and turbulent flows

Temperature Logging

• RTD: Senses temperature changes due to fluid entries
• Anomalies indicate water, gas entry, or channeling behind the casing

Pressure Logging

• Stable well measurement, detect variations during logging passes
• Influence of fluid segregation during static or flowing conditions

Multi-phase Flow Concepts

• Hold Up: Area fraction of pipe occupied by fluid phase
• Common terms: Water cut, superficial velocity, mean velocity, slippage velocity
• Importance of accurate PVT (Pressure-Volume-Temperature) data

Advanced Hold Up Sensors

• Electrical probe: Detect short circuit (water) vs open circuit (hydrocarbon)
• Optical probe: Uses light reflection to detect gas vs liquid
• Gas, water, oil fractions calculated for accurate multi-phase logging

Horizontal Well Challenges

• Fluid segregation due to well deviation
• Tools: Coil Tubing, Tractor for tool conveyance

Case Studies

• Example 1: Gas Lift Mandrel Activity Detection
• Example 2: Fluid Entry from Perforations, Cross Flow Identification
• Example 3: Multi-phase Condition Analysis, Remedial Actions

Conclusion

• Recap of the importance of production logging in identifying well issues and optimizing production
• Question and Answer session with Engineer Maria on her career and technical details

Career Insights

• Mechanical Engineer with a focus on automotive manufacturing initially
• Transitioned to oil and gas with Schlumberger, extensive field and teaching experience
• Current role as Senior Production Services Domain Champion