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Why is the complement system called 'complement'?
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Because it complements the ability of antibodies to do their job.
What is the role of Factor C3 in the alternative pathway of the complement system?
In the presence of water, Factor C3 hydrolyzes into Factor C3b.
What triggers the classical pathway of the complement system?
The classical pathway is triggered by the antigen-antibody complex.
What does C5 convertase do in the alternative pathway?
C5 convertase converts C5 into C5a and C5b.
Which complement pathway is typically problematic in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)?
The alternative pathway is usually problematic in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH).
What components form the Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)?
C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9 combine to form the Membrane Attack Complex (MAC).
What triggers the alternative pathway of the complement system?
The alternative pathway is triggered by bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria.
What is the function of the Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)?
MAC forms a pore in the bacterial cell membrane, disrupting the ionic and osmotic environment of the cell, leading to bacterial death.
Is the Membrane Attack Complex (MAC) related to Microsoft or McDonald's?
No, MAC is not related to Microsoft or McDonald's. It is a crucial part of the immune response.
What is the main consequence of forming a pore in the bacterial cell membrane by MAC?
The main consequence is the disruption of the ionic and osmotic environment of the cell, leading to bacterial death.
What is the result of Factor Bb combining with C3b?
They form C3 convertase.
What does C3 convertase do in the alternative pathway?
C3 convertase converts C3 into C3a and C3b.
How is C5 convertase formed in the alternative pathway?
C3b binds with C3 convertase to form C5 convertase.
What happens after C3b binds with Factor B in the alternative pathway?
Factor D converts Factor B into Ba and Bb.
What triggers the lectin pathway of the complement system?
The lectin pathway is triggered by mannose-binding lectin.
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