Automation Lecture Notes

Introduction to Automation

• Definition: Automation refers to self-dictated systems that operate independently according to pre-programmed instructions.
• Examples: Common devices include induction stoves and automatic washing machines.
• Etymology: The word "automation" is derived from Greek: "auto" (self) + "matos" (moving).

Purpose of Automation

• Goals:
  • Replace human operators in various tasks.
  • Improve safety in operational environments.
  • Increase production efficiency.

History of Automation

• Early Development: Gained popularity during the 1910s and 1920s, particularly in wartime due to high demand for automated devices.
• Notable Milestone: General Motors introduced automation in 1947, leading to the development of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs).

Types of Automation

1. Home Automation: Devices used in residential settings.
2. Building Automation: Systems like elevators and HVAC.
3. Industrial Automation: Focus on manufacturing and production efficiency.
4. Process Automation: Monitoring and control of industrial processes.
5. Public Transport Automation: Examples include traffic light control systems.
6. Scientific Automation: Used in research and development.

Benefits of Industrial Automation

• Precision: Increases accuracy in production processes.
• Quality Improvement: Enhances product quality consistently.
• Error Reduction: Minimizes human errors in operations.
• Consistency in Output: Maintains steady production levels.

Evolution of Automation Technology

1. Manual Control: Early systems required human monitoring and adjustments.
2. Pneumatic Control: Utilized air pressure for automated processes.
3. Hardwired Logic Control: Relays and multiple wiring systems were used.
4. Electronic Control: Employed digital logic devices.
5. PLC and DCS Control: Modern automation relies heavily on these technologies.

Industrial Automation Components

• Field Instruments: Sensors that measure process variables (e.g., temperature sensors).
• Control Hardware: PLCs, Distributed Control Systems (DCS), and PID controllers.
• Control Software: SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems for monitoring processes.

Automation Installation Procedure

• Process Flow:
  • Field instruments collect data and connect to a junction box.
  • Signals are sent to a control cabinet housing the controller and I/O modules.
  • Monitoring occurs at a workstation via HMI (Human Machine Interface) or SCADA.

Conclusion

• Recap: Understanding the basics of automation and its significance in modern industry is crucial.
• Call to Action: Encouragement to like and subscribe for further educational content.