Lecture Notes: Macrolides Antibiotics

Introduction

• Macrolides: A class of antibiotics recognizable by their suffix thromycin.
• Mnemonic: Macaroni symbolizes macrolides (macaroni for macrolides).

Recognizing Macrolides

• Look for the suffix thromycin to identify macrolides.
• Common macrolides include:
  • Erythromycin
  • Azithromycin
  • Clarithromycin

Clinical Uses of Macrolides

• Used to treat various bacterial infections:
  • Respiratory infections
  • Skin infections
  • Ear infections
• Alternative for patients allergic to penicillins.

Side Effects and Risks

Cardiac Risks

• QT Interval Prolongation: Can lead to life-threatening torsade de pointe.
  • Torsade de pointe resembles twisted streamers.
  • Monitor cardiac rhythm closely.

Gastrointestinal Distress

• Potential symptoms: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain.
• Management: Take with food or a full glass of water.
• Avoid antacids due to interference with drug absorption.

Hepatotoxicity

• Liver Damage: Use "liver lever" as a mnemonic.
• Monitor liver enzymes (AST, ALT) and look for signs like jaundice or right upper quadrant pain.

Conclusion

• Macrolides: Identified by the suffix thromycin.
• Used as antibiotics for a wide range of infections.
• Watch for QT prolongation, GI distress, and liver toxicity.

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