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What impact did Peter Stolypin's 'small reforms' have on political repression in Russia?
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Led to brutal repression, political crimes, increased arrests, labor camps, and enhanced state surveillance.
What major global event heavily influenced poor working conditions in Russia leading to increased unionization and worker strikes?
Industrialization in Russia.
What was a primary reason for the diverse socio-economic challenges faced by Russia leading up to 1917?
The immense geographical diversity and vast land coverage created disparate political and social issues.
What were the reasons behind the 1905 Revolution in Russia?
Triggered by the defeat in the Russo-Japanese War and various political issues at home.
Why was the period between 1906-1914 marked by intensifying political activism in Russia?
Industrialization and poor working conditions led to increased unionization and a substantial rise in worker strikes.
Explain the role of geography in shaping political issues within pre-1917 Russia.
The large size and diversity of the Russian Empire made centralized governance challenging and exacerbated political tensions.
During Peter Stolypin's tenure, what methods did the government use to address political unrest?
They enacted reforms alongside brutal repression, including the extensive use of labor camps and increasing state surveillance.
How did political repression evolve under Tsar Nicholas II from 1905 to 1913?
Prison populations grew significantly, from 98,000 in 1905 to 250,000 in 1913, with intensified political repression.
How did the Orthodox Church influence Russian society prior to 1917?
The Orthodox Church held a dominant and influential role, deeply impacting social norms and culture.
Despite the introduction of the Duma, why did Tsar Nicholas II maintain overall control in Russia?
He believed in autocracy and was resistant to power-sharing reforms, retaining most power despite the Duma.
Which political parties were formed following the allowance of political parties in Russia after 1906?
Octoberists, Cadets, Social Revolutionaries (SRs), Mensheviks, and Bolsheviks.
What was the increase in workers' strikes from 1912 to 1914 in Russia?
The number of striking workers rose from 750,000 in 1912 to 1.45 million in 1914.
What was the significance of the October Manifesto issued by Tsar Nicholas II?
It promised reforms and introduced the Duma, but changes were largely symbolic as the Tsar retained most power.
What barriers did Tsar Nicholas II implement against the political influence of the Duma?
He created legislative bodies without real power to maintain his autocratic rule, undermining the Duma's influence.
Describe the distribution of population in the Russian Empire around 1900.
Population was approximately 126 million, concentrated mainly in the western areas due to the more habitable climate.
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