Lecture Notes

Brown Adipose Tissue

• Function: Generates heat to help with body temperature regulation

Infant Stool (Meconium)

• Timing: Should occur within 24 hours after birth
• Appearance: Mustard, green, yellowish, black, tarry, sticky

Respiratory Problems in Newborns

• Key Deficiency: Lack of surfactant
• Treatment: Dexamethasone

Vitamin K Injection

• Purpose: For blood clotting
• Injection Site: Vastus lateralis in the leg

Temperature and Airway Management

• Rectal Temperature: Not recommended due to risk of perforation
• Immediate Newborn Care: Check for cord around neck and ensure patent airway
• Suction Order: Mouth before nose

Heat Loss in Newborns

• By Convection: Air from vents
• By Conduction: Contact with cold surfaces

Jaundice and Breastfeeding

• Disappearance: After the fifth day

APGAR Scores

• Timing: 1, 5, and 10 minutes post-birth
• Normal Score: 8 to 10, indicating adequate transition

Signs of Respiratory Distress

• Symptoms: Flaring nostrils, substernal retractions, grunting

Post-Feeding Positioning

• Recommended Position: Lay flat and on the back

Initiation of Respiration

• Factors: Chemical, thermal, and mechanical

Bilirubin and Jaundice

• Process: Conjugation of bilirubin
• Pathological Jaundice: Occurs right after birth, might indicate liver issues

Anterior Fontanel Closure

• Timeline: Closes between 18 to 24 months

Eye Treatment at Birth

• For STIs: Erythromycin

Vernix Caseosa

• Description: Cheesy white covering on newborns

Ortolani Test

• Purpose: Detects hip dislocation
• Indicators: Popping or clicking sound, extra creases

Prevention of Preterm Birth

• Key Measure: Adequate and early prenatal care

Maturity Indicators

• Signs on Feet: Creases indicate maturity

Benign Conditions

• Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum: Benign

Discharge Planning

• Timing: Begins at admission

Apneic Episode Response

• Action: Flick the baby's foot to stimulate response

Meconium Aspiration

• Indicators: Stained fingers, wet lungs

Newborn Weight Changes

• Normal Weight Loss: In first three days due to fluid loss
• Expect Weight Gain: After three days

Phototherapy for Jaundice

• Key Precaution: Baby must be naked and eyes covered

Iron Stores from Mother

• Duration: Lasts for the first 6 months

Large and Small for Gestational Age (LGA & SGA)

• Important to know weight charts and corresponding conditions