Language Learning Strategies

Overview

This lecture discusses practical steps and considerations for learning a new language from scratch, focusing on goal-setting, planning, resources, and realistic expectations about fluency.

Setting Goals for Language Learning

• Define a clear, specific goal for learning the language (e.g., passing the B2 German exam).
• Goals should be measurable, time-bound, and realistic.
• Without concrete goals, motivation and consistency may decline.
• Consider your personal schedule and commitments to set achievable timelines.

Creating a Study Plan

• Plan for regular study sessions, aiming for 3–4 times per week, about an hour each session.
• Use comprehensible input—materials slightly above your level—to maximize learning.
• Ensure the material is not too difficult to avoid frustration and demotivation.
• Use resources like basic textbooks, graded readers, Anki flashcards, and YouTube channels.

Language Learning Methods & Myths

• Comprehensive input means understanding 95% of what you hear and 98% of what you read.
• There is no "secret" to language learning; consistency and relevance are crucial.
• Scaffolding (gradually increasing difficulty) helps make progress manageable.
• Not all native speakers are good language teachers; choose partners or resources wisely.

Fluency and Vocabulary Benchmarks

• Fluency levels (per CEFR): A1: 500–1,000 words, A2: 1,000–2,000, B1: 2,000–3,000, B2: 3,000–4,000.
• Early fluency can be achieved quickly; higher fluency requires more time and exposure.
• Passive exposure to vocabulary (8–20 encounters) helps retention.

Useful Study Resources

• Graded readers and level-appropriate books promote vocabulary and reading fluency.
• Use apps with audio features for pronunciation and listening practice.
• Spaced repetition is effective for memorizing new words.
• Shadowing (speaking along with audio) can improve pronunciation and reading skills.

Scheduling & Maintaining Progress

• Create a weekly calendar to allocate study times around other commitments.
• Allow flexibility for missed sessions and avoid overloading your schedule.
• Set up regular review and practice, adjusting as needed for progress and motivation.

Key Terms & Definitions

• Comprehensible Input — Language input that is understood by the learner but contains some new elements ("input +1").
• Scaffolding — Gradually increasing the difficulty of material to build up skills.
• CEFR — Common European Framework of Reference for languages; standard for language proficiency.
• Graded Reader — A book written at a specific language level for learners.
• Spaced Repetition — Reviewing information at increasing intervals to improve memorization.

Action Items / Next Steps

• Define your language learning goal, making it specific, measurable, and time-bound.
• Create a realistic weekly study schedule based on your availability.
• Gather beginner-level resources such as graded readers, textbooks, and flashcards.
• Use spaced repetition for vocabulary and practice shadowing with audio materials.
• Monitor your progress and adjust your plan as needed.