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What are the different layers involved in the functional placenta and their functions?
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Decidua basalis and chorionic frondosum form the interaction site for nutrient exchange. Chorionic villi system enhances nutrient exchange. Amniotic and chorionic membranes protect the fetus.
What complications can result from deep invasion of the blastocyst into the uterine lining?
Conditions like placenta accreta, increta, or percreta can occur, potentially leading to severe complications post-delivery.
Explain the role of chorionic and amniotic membranes in protecting the fetus.
These membranes separate the fetus from the uterine wall, protecting and containing the amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus.
What is the clinical significance of hormones produced by the placenta?
Placental hormones are crucial for maintaining pregnancy, preparing the fetal environment, affecting maternal insulin sensitivity, and metabolic adjustments during pregnancy.
Describe the structures involved in gas exchange in the placenta.
Chorionic villi with core capillaries facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between mother and fetus.
What are the stages involved in early embryonic development leading to the formation of the morula?
Fertilization, cleavage stages (2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, 16-cell), formation of morula.
How do chorionic villi contribute to nutrient exchange in the placenta?
Chorionic villi, with core capillaries, enhance nutrient and oxygen exchange between mother and fetus.
What are the hormonal functions of the syncytiotrophoblast in the placenta?
Production of hCG to maintain the corpus luteum and progesterone production.
How does the syncytiotrophoblast contribute to hormonal functions in the placenta?
It produces essential hormones like hCG to support progesterone production and maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy.
Explain the role of the trophoblast during implantation.
Trophoblast facilitates attachment and invasion of blastocyst into the endometrium.
Describe the process of blastocyst formation and its components.
Continuing division leads to the formation of blastocyst with inner cell mass (embryoblast) and outer cell mass (trophoblast).
Explain the metabolic functions of the placenta in nutrient exchange.
The placenta facilitates gas exchange, nutrient delivery, waste removal, and transport of vitamins and minerals between mother and fetus.
Discuss the hormonal impact of placental lactogen on maternal insulin sensitivity.
Placental lactogen affects maternal insulin sensitivity, influencing metabolic adjustments during pregnancy.
How can incorrect placental attachment lead to severe complications postpartum?
Conditions like placenta accreta, increta, or percreta may require surgical intervention and potentially result in the removal of the uterus.
Discuss the formation and significance of the chorionic villi.
Trophoblast forms primary villi, which mature into tertiary villi with embryonic blood vessels for nutrient exchange.
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