Heimler's History: AP U.S. History Unit 4

U.S. Expansion and Influence

Key Objective

• Explain how and why American foreign policy developed and expanded over time.

Treaty of Ghent and Territorial Disputes

• War of 1812: Ended by the Treaty of Ghent in 1814, leaving Canada-related issues unresolved.
• James Monroe (1817): Sought to resolve territorial claims.
  • Sent John Quincy Adams to London.
  • Treaty Negotiation: Established U.S.-Canada border along the 49th parallel.
  • Joint U.S.-British occupation of Oregon Territory for 10 years.

Florida and Spanish Relations

• Florida Territory: Governed by Spain, which was distracted by South American rebellions.
• Lawlessness: Seminole Indians, runaway slaves, and white settlers raided U.S. areas.
• Andrew Jackson's Expedition (1817):
  • Sent by Monroe to secure the American border.
  • Attacked Spanish forts, executed Seminole chiefs and British citizens.
  • Resulted in Spanish selling Florida to the U.S.
  • Adams-Onis Treaty (1819): Made the sale official and defined U.S.-Spanish borders.

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

• Response to European colonial powers losing grip in the Americas.
• Monroe Doctrine:
  • Declared the Western Hemisphere as under U.S. influence.
  • Warned against European military interventions.
  • Established U.S. authority in the Americas.

Trade and Economic Motivations

• Trade Developments:
  • Thriving trade with Mexico by late 1820s.
  • New England manufacturers found new markets for goods.
  • U.S. ships engaged in Pacific trade with China.
  • Interest in acquiring Pacific Islands like Hawaii and Samoa (future endeavors).

Market Revolution

• Increase in demand for U.S. goods led to a manufacturing revolution.
• To be discussed in the next session.

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Conclusion

• Addressed U.S. territorial expansion and foreign influence in Unit 4, topic 4 of AP U.S. History.
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