Mga gandang umaga po sa lahat ng mga kadeti nationwide from Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao sa lahat ng mga academicians, professors, instructors, lecturers po, part-time at regular pati na po yung mga respectable deans natin, mga review lecturers pati na po mga reviewers and criminologists po na nakikinig ngayon Welcome, welcome po sa Bicueno B-Coin o po, isa po itong platform sa YouTube na nagbibigay po ng libre comprehension at the same time aligned po sa latest table of specifications. Sa mga estudyante dyan ha, pag hindi pa kayo nakapag-avail sa B-Coin o book, please avail na po habang estudyante pa po kayo. Huwag na po kayong maghintay na nakapag-graduate.
Importante po ang B-Coin o book, at least po makapag-advanced reading po kasi po ang board examination po natin hindi vera po. Napakahira po madugo po ang mga questions sa board examination. And pasensya na po ha mga kadete, medyo po natagalan ang part 6 po sa Criminal No Book 2. Sa mga baguhan pa lang dyan, baguhang subscribers, probably you will be surprised. Ba't ang tagal? Ba't maraming episodes?
Ilagay po natin in various episodes kasi po, pag i... Lagay natin, i-compile natin in just one video, ang mangyayari dyan, medyo yung pag-discuss natin, medyo naka-shortcut. Maging shortcut yan, hindi maging comprehensive. That is why, mas okay po pag inilagay natin per episode. Yan po ang reason, kaya po aabot tayo ng maraming episode sa Criminal Lobocto.
And you have to remember, I have to inform you again, na ang Criminal Lobocto po, ay siyang pinakamaraming tanong po sa birth exam, 30 questions po ang kukunin po sa Criminal Lobocto. In fact, majority po sa situational questions ay manggagaling po sa Criminal Lobocto. So, pagtuunan po natin ng maraming oras ha.
Lagyan po natin ng maraming oras ang pag-review sa Criminal Lobocto. Again, my gratitude, my appreciation. Maraming salamat po sa nag-avail sa Bitcoin ako. Nakatulong po kayo sa akin, nakatulong po kayo sa platform, at the same time, nakatulong po kayo sa mga dialysis patients po sa Negros Oriental.
Yan po ang ligasiya po natin. Okay? Lastly, sa lahat po ng nagtanong kung, Sir, pwede bang mag-avail? Para po maka-access sa lahat ng reviews. Nako mga kadete, I have to repeat this over and over again.
Lahat po ng videos natin ilagay po natin sa YouTube. Wala pong ano yan, wala pong nakahidden dyan. Lahat po nasa YouTube channel natin.
Ang purpose po niyan is lahat po maka-access. Walang bayad mga kadete ha. Libre yan lahat.
Ang purpose niya is lahat maka-access. Hindi na po kailangan kayong mag... Pag makumplito natin lahat ng discussion, no need for you to... Enroll in the review center kasi yung registration fee sa review centers, nako, napakamahal po. Tapos palpak pa yung, di ba?
May iba naman. Yung iba maganda yung delivery ng services. Pero may mga review centers, medyo palpak yung instruction, yung pagre-review.
Anyway, mga kadeti, punta po tayo sa topic po natin. Again, Criminal Law Book 2. Okay? Title 9 lang po ha, ang i-discuss natin ngayon. Title 9, Crimes Against Persons.
Marami po ang mga tanong sa board examination na magagaling po sa Title 9. Crimes Against Persons. Unahin natin mga kadete ha, itong tinatawag nating parricide. Yan po ang pinakaon ng krimen under Title 9. Now, ang parricide po, dapat nating tandaan mga reviewers, ang relasyon po, relationship. Blood relationship between the victim and the suspect is very important. Para ma-define po natin ang pare side.
Ang relasyon po ha sa biktima at saka yung suspect ang pinaka-importante dito. Sa elements po, makikita natin a person is killed, that's number one. Number two, deceased is killed by the accused. Ibig sabihin ng deceased, yung namatay.
Pangatlo, deceased is the accused. Any of the following? Una, legitimate. or illegitimate father?
Ano ibig sabihin ng legitimate at saka illegitimate? Sa family code po natin, may apat po tayo na ori ng bata. Apat na ori according to the family code.
Una, legitimate child. Ano ibig sabihin ng legitimate child? Ito yung bata na ipinanganak during marriage. Pagkasado yung ina at saka yung ama, ikaw na bata ka, legitimate child ka.
Ang ama mo po is considered to be your legitimate father. Okay? Kuha po.
Kailan magiging illegitimate? Illegitimate yung bata pag ang ina at yung ama hindi kasado. Okay?
Pag hindi kasado yan, ikaw na bata ka, considered ka as illegitimate child. Ang ama mo po, kasi hindi kasado yung ama at ina mo, tinatawag silang illegitimate na ama or illegitimate na ina. Alright?
Pangatlo po, sa family code po natin, may nakalagay dyan legitimated child. Ang legitimated child, legitimate pa din po yan. Pero, ito yung technicality sa batas natin. Ibig sabihin, ang legitimated child, yung bata, ipinanganak, hindi pa kasado yung ina at saka yung ama. Pero eventually, Yung parents ng bata, nag-decide na magpakasal.
So, basically, pag nagpakasal na yung ina at yung ama, yung bata that was born out of wedlock, who was once an illegitimate child, magiging legitimated child siya. Kuha niya po. Anong ibig sabihin dyan? Again, repeat po natin ha.
Yung bata, ipinanganak, hindi pakasado yung ina at yung ama. Pero nakapag-decide yung couple na magpakasal. So ngayon, nakapag-decide sila. Pagpakasal nila yung bata na once an illegitimate child, magiging legitimated child na siya kasi nagpakasal na po yung ina at yung ama. Yung pangapa, tinatawag natin yung adopted child.
Napakaisin niya na adopted child. Ito yung bata na inadapt. Ibig sabihin, yung ina at yung ama, hindi niya biological parent. So, nakuha po natin ang concept mga kaniti sa illegitimate at legitimate. So, again, magiging illegitimate father yan pag ang ama at hindi kasado.
Pag kasado, illegitimate. Letter B, legitimate mother or illegitimate mother. Letter C, legitimate or illegitimate child.
Pero again, ito ha, dapat nating tandaan dito. Ang bata dapat should not be less than 3 days old. Nilagay ko na po yan sa slide. Pag less than 72 hours ang bata or less than 3 days old, hindi siya magiging parasite.
Magiging infanticide siya. So ibig sabihin, pag ang ina, siya ina mismo, pinatay niya yung bata niya, let us say 50 hours pa lang. Bago pa lang, ipinanganak, 50 hours pa lang, so less than 72. So ano ba yung krimen?
Parasite or infanticide? Considering na bata niya ang pinatay. So in that situation, kasi po, less than 72. Ano pong sagot natin?
Sagot natin hindi parasite, but rather infanticide. Kahit bata niya yung pinatay, basta less than 72. Mga kanitiha, dapat tandaan nyo yan. Letter D, other legitimate ascendant. Ano yung ibig sabihin na ascendant? Papataas ha?
We say ascend. From the lower bottom, pataas. Ibig sabihin, for example, grandson, apo, yung nasa mataas, pinatay niya yung lolo at lola niya.
Pag descendant, lolo, pinatay niya yung apo niya. Kuha niya po? Ascendant, yung apo, pinatay niya yung lolo or lola niya, grandparent.
Pero descendant, yung grandparent, pinatay niya yung apo. Okay? Right?
Pero dapat dito, Pa! legitimate ha, legitimate ascendant ang nakalagay dyan, legitimate ascendant and letter A legitimate descendant also then letter F legitimate spouse ano ibig sabihin ng legitimate spouse again dapat kasado yan ha kasi pag hindi kasado, hindi po siya pasok sa pariside, magiging pasok siya sa murder or sa homicide so again, ang relasyon po dito is very important po sa pag-determine or pag-identify natin ng isang kaso is parasite. Now, another thing that we have to bear in mind, especially yung nagre-review right now.
Una po, yung mga kapatiran po natin na Muslim, they are legally permitted by law. to marry at least 4 women. Ano no? At least, maximum brother. Maximum 4 women.
Okay? So pwede sila magpakasal. 4 po, maximum.
So ang tanong ngayon, pag ang pangalawa o pangatlo o yung pangapat, pinatay ng asawa ng husband. So may parricide po ba? Ang sagot po dito is wala. Magiging murder siya or homicide. Pag ang...
Pag ang pinatay is second wife or third wife or fourth wife. Mga kadita ha, mga kaditi ha. Pero pag ang pinatay po is yung pinakaunang asawa, first wife, pasok po ito sa pariside. Okay?
Again ha, I have to repeat. Pag yung Muslim po, ng mga kapatiran po natin, pwede silang magpakasal apat na bisis sa apat na babae. So first wife, second wife, third wife, fourth wife.
Pag pinatay yung unang asawa, pasok ang pariside. Pero pag pinatay niya is yung second wife, third wife, or fourth wife, hindi pasok sa pariside. Magiging pasok siya sa homicide or murder.
Okay? Klaro po yan ha, mga kadete. Number two.
A stranger who cooperates in committing Parasite is liable for Murder or homicide lang So meaning, pag may Cooperation Kahit indispensable cooperation yan For example, yung ama Ha? Yung ama Humingi siya ng tulong Sa ibang tao para patayin yung Anak niya. So, let us say Si Pedro, ang ama Yung tumulong si Juan Ang pinatay, yung anak, si Santiago So in that case, kahit yung stranger hindi kaanak kasi tumulong siya sa pagpatay sa anak, basically ang kaso po niya is hindi magiging parricide. Ang kaso niya po is magiging murder lang po or homicide. Pero yung ama na pumatay mismo sa anak niya is liable for parricide.
Again, lagyan natin ng example ha. Si Pedro, pinataya niya yung anak niya na si Santiago. Tapos, humingi siya ng tulong kay Juan.
Ano ba ang liability ni Pedro, ang ama? Parasite. Ano ang liability ni Juan na tumulong sa pagpatay ni Santiago?
Ang liability ni Juan is not parasite but rather it may fall between murder or homicide. Okay? Klaro yan ha?
Pangatlo, even if the offender did not know that the person he had killed is his son, he is still liable for parasite. Because the law does not require knowledge of relationship. Anong ibig sabihin ito? Kahit hindi mo alam na ang isang tao na pinatay mo is actually your father or your son or your daughter or your mother, knowledge of the relationship is irrelevant.
Ang importante dito na may blood relationship kayo. Kahit hindi mo alam, for example, pinatay mo yung tao, hindi mo kakilala, nagalit ka sa kanya, pinatay mo siya. Pagpatay mo, lo and behold, you got surprised because the person you actually killed, yun pala ang biological father mo. Yung biological father mo na matagal mo nang hinahanap-hanap.
So basically, ang question ngayon, knowing na hindi mo alam na ang pinatay mo is actually your father, will you be liable for parricide? The answer is yes. Kasi po, again, Yung knowledge of the relationship is irrelevant.
Okay? So the moment na na-establish na may relationship kayo, kahit hindi mo alam o alam mo man, automatic, pasok ka ngayon sa parisign. Okay?
Yan po ha, mga kadete. Panglima, ah, pangapat po, ang pagpatay po sa kapatid po natin, sibling, brother or sister, is not parisign. Mahulog po yan sa homicide or murder. Okay?
Panglima, ang adapt... Child is not covered by Parasite, ito pong sabi ko kanina Apat po yung ori natin, diba Ng bata under the family code O na, legitimate child, illegitimate Child, legitimated child Tsaka yung adopted, pag adopted Yan, ay nako, hindi siya pasok Pwede siya maging Morder or Homicide, pero hindi magiging parasite Kasi po, ang Adapted child is not covered Under Parasite Pare saan? Importante kasi dito itong blood relationship.
Alright? So kuha po mga kaditi ha. Pangalawang crime po na naka-indicate dito sa Title 9, itong tinatawag na death or physical injuries inflected under exceptional circumstances.
May dalawa po na magiging liable or pwedeng maging liable dito. Una, pwedeng maging liable ang legally married person. Take note of the word legally.
Dapat ang marriage po is legal or valid. Number two, liable po pwede ang ina or ama, parent. Again, una, legally married person Or number two, parent Magiging liable sila So ano ang ginawa ng parent or legally married person? Sino-surpresa niya Yung pag legally married person Sino-surpresa niya ngayon yung spouse Yung spouse niya In the act of sexual intercourse with another person Ito, nangyayari ito sa society natin Mga kadeti ha Yung babae or yung lalaki In the act of sexual intercourse, sa isang motel or sa isang hotel, doon nag-check-in. Sino-surpresa ngayon, hindi alam kasi ng asawa na nag-detailing or nag-shadowing yung husband or wife.
So in the act of sexual intercourse, nako, ayun. Diba? Makikita natin yan, mga controversial videos. na nakikita natin and it happens in real life.
So ang legally married, dapat legally ha, married kayo, pero kasi kapag live-in lang kayo, hindi kayo kasal na, hindi kayo pasok dito. So legally married person, sinusurpresa mo ngayon, nag-check-in yung asawa mo sa isang motel, pag muta mo. mo doon. Ayun, the act of sexual intercourse na surpresa mo.
Nagdala ka ngayon ng isang samurai. Pinagtataga mo silang dalawa na matay. Nako, that's an example of death under exceptional circumstance. Okay?
Kasi po, may tinatawag tayong uncontrollable jealousy dyan eh. So again, legally married person, pinataya niya yung Asawa niya during the act of sexual intercourse. Pangalawa, parent na pinatay niya or nag-inflect siya ng serious physical injury sa kanilang or sa kanyang daughter. Daughter ah, babae na anak.
Hindi lalaki ha. Daughter po. Pero ang daughter dito dapat, o na, less than 18 years of age.
Pangalawa, dapat living with him. Okay, ano yung ibig sabihin dyan? When we say living with a parent, ibig sabihin, nasa bubong mismo, nasa dwelling mismo, nasa bahay mo mismo nakatira.
So, sa living with parent kasi, understood na po siya na pag ang isang babae nakipag-sexual intercourse sa isang lalaki, tapos ang anak na babae is less than 18 years old, It can be construed as an act of embarrassment and humiliation done to the parent and the parental abode. Diba? Isang kahihiyan po yan.
Pag isang babae, less than 18 years old, nagdala ng lalaki tapos nakipag-sexual intercourse doon mismo sa bahay ng parent. So, yan po ha. Pasok po yan. So, dapat again, ang babae na anak, less than 18, and living with the parent.
He or she kills any or both of them. or inflict upon any or both of them any serious physical injury in act or immediately thereafter. Okay, again, ang nakalagay dito, pag legally married person, pinatay niya or nag-inflict siya ng serious physical injury.
Pag parent, pinatay niya or nag-inflict din po siya ng serious physical injury sa bata na babae under 18 years of age and living with them. Pwede din po in the act of sexual intercourse, pwede din po. immediately thereafter the sexual intercourse. Okay?
Pangatlo, he has not promoted or facilitated the prostitution of his wife or daughter or that he or she has not consented to the infidelity of another spouse. So again, dalawa po dito ha. Una, dapat yung pumatay, hindi siya nag-promote, nag-facilitate ng prostitution sa kanyang wife or sa kanyang daughter.
Kasi napaka-impractical. Pag ikaw yung nag-promote ng prostitution, ginawa mong... prostitute yung asawa mo or yung anak na babae mo, tapos in the act of sexual intercourse with a client, pinatay mo yung dalawa, that's very impractical. Ikaw nga mismo ang nag-promote, tapos ngayon, pangpapatayin mo yung dalawa. That's very impractical.
So, dapat po, ang pumatay is not facilitating or promoting prostitution. Okay? Pangalawa, na dapat natin tandaan, ang pumatay po should not consent to the infidelity of another spouse.
Ano ibig sabihin ng does not consent sa infidelity? Ibig sabihin ng infidelity yung unfaithfulness. May mga pangyayari kasi na ang lalaki o yung babae na yung asawa, yung babae, will consent on the infidelity.
For example, sabihin ngayon ng asawa, okay, pwede kang mababae ng Pero on my case, pwede din po akong manglalaki. Diba? There are a lot of things happening in our society right now na ang lalaki, yung husband, conniving with another woman, at saka yung wife mismo, conniving also with another man. It's a matter of consenting.
Right? It's a way of consenting. Or probably, the wife is okay that the husband will be conniving with another woman.
That's basically consenting to the infidelity. So pag consenting, okay lang sa'yo na mambabae yung husband mo, or okay lang sa'yo na ang wife mo mang lalaki, basically you are consenting to the infidelity, then there is no such thing as death or physical injury under exceptional circumstance. Magiging exceptional yung circumstance siya pag hindi ka pumayag.
Okay? So, kuwapo? Right?
Now, pangalawa natin tatandaan nito mga kadete, especially yung nagre-review right now. Ang article po na ito does not actually define a felony, but rather, ang article po na ito serves as a defense mechanism. Defense mechanism to a person charged with parasite, homicide, or physical injury. Magiging dipinsa siya.
ang article po na ito. Pero ang question ngayon, punishable ba ito? The answer is yes.
Pero ang punishment dito is only distiero. Ano ba ibig sabihin ng distiero? Ang distiero po, ito po yung tinatawag natin modern form of banishment. Pag may notebook kayo dyan, or may ballpen kayo, magti-take down notes kayo, mga kadete. Ano ba yung distiero?
It's a modern form of banishment yan. Ano ibig sabihin ng banishment? Yung pinalayas ka.
Ano yung distansya sa pagpapalayas? Minimum of 25 kilometers radius, maximum of 250. So pag nangyayari yung krimen, yung asawa mo, legally married kayo, pumunta sa hotel with another man, tapos on the act of sexual intercourse, na surprise mo, pinatay mo yung dalawa. Nako.
Walang, ano yan, walang imprisonment. Distiyero lang. So, ano ba ang purpose?
Bakit po? Papalayasin ka. If it happens in Dumaguete, magbilang ka ngayon, 25 kilometers from Dumaguete to other municipalities. Yan pa ang pinakaminimum. Depende po kung ano yung order ng korte.
Pero maximum yan is 250, mga kadete. So, basically, distiyero. Anong purpose ng pagpapalayas? To protect you from who?
From the relatives for possible retaliation. Ano yung ibig sabihin ng retaliation? Pag pinatay mo yung asawa mo, there's a big possibility na yung mga kadogo niya, yung immediate family niya, will go to you and probably will kill you in return as a form of vengeance or revenge. So para ma-protect ka, ipapalayasin ka muna. Alright?
So yan po yung ibig sabihin dyan. Now, Ang sa anak naman na babae, again, importante dito na ang babae po should not be 18 years old and above. Dapat below ha, below 18. Pangalawa, ang babae po na bata should be living with a parent.
Now, ang sexual intercourse dito dapat nangyayari mismo sa bahay or mismo sa dwelling ng parent. Kasi pag nangyayari dyan... Pag nangyayari yung sexual intercourse ng bata na babae doon sa motel, or doon sa hotel, or sa lodging house, part. Hindi po applicable ang article na ito. Pag ang bata mo na babae nag-check-in sa 3 hours, diba?
Pinakakaw mo niya 3 hours short time. Pag nag-check-in niya sa short time na motel, or lodging house, ay nako, hindi po. Ah, hindi po applicable ang article na ito. Ah, hindi po siya magiging exceptional circumstance. So, dapat ha, nangyayari yung sexual intercourse doon mismo sa bahay ng mga magulang.
Okay? Kuha po, mga kaditi. Alright, so inilagay ko dito para mas maintindihan pa the notes that you have to bear in mind. Una, if less serious or slight physical injuries are inflicted, walang criminal liability yan.
There is no criminal liability. Plain and simple. Later on, intindihin natin kung kailan po magiging slight, magiging serious yung physical injury.
So again, pag less serious or slight physical injury lang, ay wala lang, pag bugbugin mo lang yan, let us say, let us say, you punch him in the face, tapos, yung bruise could not be considered as a serious physical injury, ay naku, wala po. Walang criminal liability yan. Okay? Number two, this article applies only when the daughter is single. Napaka, ano naman yan, napaka understandable kasi nga po, less than 18 eh.
Pag less than 18 ka kasi, you are not allowed to marry, so single ka. Number three, article 247 is applicable eh. Even when the accused did not see his spouse in the act of sexual intercourse with another person, it is enough that the circumstances reasonably show that the carnal act is being committed or has been committed. So, hindi po kailanganin that on the act of sexual intercourse, pag may mga ebidensya na nagpapakita that they are doing sexual intercourse, pasok na yan. For example, pag nakahubad, pag nakahubad yung dalawa, Diba?
Nakapatong yung babae sa lalaki. Wala pang penetration na nangyayari. So automatic, that could be an evidence that will show that there is going to be a sexual intercourse or there is already an intercourse. being happened. Pag nakahubad silang dalawa, tapos nag-caress yung dalawa.
Nagla-loving-loving. So basically, it's an indication na tapos na. Diba? So, pasok pa din po dito ha. Number four.
Article does not apply if the surprising took place before any actual sexual intercourse could be done or after the actual sexual intercourse was finished. O ito ha. Ang number three at number four, Hindi po yan contradicting.
Ibig sabihin ng number four, wala pa, hindi pa nangyayari. Or, nangyayari na, tapos na. Let us say, pag hindi pa nangyayari, nasa motel, yung babae, andyan pa, naliligo pa.
Or yung lalaki, is just sitting, watching television, may nangyayari. Ba? Wala pa. Or number two, Tapos na, lumabas na sila sa hotel. Lumabas na, yan po ibig sabihin dyan.
Lumabas na, wala na eh. Tapos na eh. At tapos pinatay mo. Will this article applies?
The answer is no. Number five, immediately thereafter means that the discovery, escape, pursuit and the killing must all form parts of one continuous act. Number six, actual sexual intercourse.
Dapat may vaginal penetration by the penis. Klarong-klaro yan. Hindi po.
Included yung merely sleeping on the same bed. Pag sleeping on the same bed lang po, hindi po siya. Pag natutulog lang sa isang kama, hindi po pasok dito ha.
Accused must be legally married if the victim is his or her spouse. So dapat po legally married. Yan po ang sabi kanina dapat po kasado.
Okay? So yun po ha, ang exceptional circumstances po. that may cause death or physical injury.
Alright? I hope naintindihan mga kaniti. Pangatlong krimen po under Title IX. Tapos na po tayo sa infan-parasite, then death or physical injury under exceptional circumstances. Punta tayo sa pangatlo.
Itong tinatawag nating murder. Okay? Ang murder in a person who not falling within the provisions of parricide shall kill another.
shall be guilty of murder and shall be punished by reclusion temporal in its maximum period to death if committed in any of the following attendant circumstances. O na po, pagpumatay ang isang tao with treachery. Treachery. Trahedory. Ano ibig sabihin ng trahedor or treachery?
Ibig sabihin walang opportunity. Sa isang biktima to defend himself. For example, nilagyan mo yung lason. Nilagyan mo ng lason yung inumin ng isang biktima. Tapos ininom niya, namatay siya.
That's a form of treachery. Or taking advantage of superior strength. Anong example dito? Let us say, bata ang pinatay mo.
Ikaw, adult ka na, pinatay mo, seven years old. That's an example of that. With the aid of armed men or employing men to weaken the defense.
Naibig sabihin ng employing men to weaken the defense. Let us say, nilasing mo muna bago mo pinatay. Nilasing mo para at least to weaken his physical strength.
Or of men or persons to ensure or afford employment. So, pasok yan sa murder. Number two, in consideration of a price, reward, or promise.
So, ito mga hitman, assassins, pumatay in consideration of money para makuha ng reward. So, basically, pasok yan sa murder. Number three, by means of inundation or fire.
poison, explosion, shipwreck, stranding of a vessel, derailment or assault upon a streetcar or locomotive, fall of an airship by means of motor vehicles or with the use of any other means involving great waste and ruin. Pasok din po sa morder. Number 4, on occasion of any of the calamities enumerated in a preceding paragraph or of an earthquake, Eruption of volcano, destructive cyclone, epidemic, or other public calamity.
Pumatay ka when these natural calamities are occurring. So, pwede siya maholog sa murder. With evident premeditation.
Ano ibig sabihin ng evident premeditation? I-discuss natin yan. I-discuss natin yan mamaya kung ano ibig sabihin ng evident premeditation. Number six, with cruelty. By deliberately and inhumanly augmenting the suffering of the victim.
Ibig sabihin, tinatorture mo. Hindi mo pinabilis yung kamatayan niya. Mas parang serial killer ba?
Parang naging masaya ka watching the person in suffering. Okay? Or, ito ha?
Outraging or scoffing at his person or corpse. Anong ibig sabihin ng outraging? Ibig sabihin ng outraging yung gumawa ka ng isang act that is very insulting. Right?
For example, yung after pinatay mo yung babae, Nag-anal intercourse ka sa patay mo na biktima. That's basically outraging. It's an insulting act.
Or ano ba ibig sabihin ng scoffing? Scoffing po, ito po yung mga acts that are considered to be disrespectful, irreverence na mga acts. Example nito, for example, pinatay mo yung tao.
After mo siya pinatay, kinuha mo yung internal... intestine, tapos yung intestine niya, you hang it around your neck, na pagi parang ano, parang naging nicklace ng isang tao, ng isang suspect. Ginawa mong nicklace, nagiging proud ka, or pinugutan mo ng ulo, tapos dinadala-dala mo ngayon yung ulo ng biktima.
That's scoffing of the corpse of a dead person. Pag ginawa mo yan, ah, nako, paso ka ngayon sa mortal. So any of the circumstances enumerated under one 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 Pasok yan pre Sa murder So again ha Nakalagay na dyan Yung mga circumstance Na pasok po sa murder Now remember If the primordial criminal intent Of the offender is to kill And fire Was only used as means to do so The crime is only murder Yun po ang Ha Nare-repeat ko for many times, pero marami pa din po mga criminology cadets na hindi pa din nakukuha.
Pag gusto mong patayin ang isang tao, tapos natutulog yung isang tao sa kanyang Nipah house, while he was sleeping, nagdala ka ngayon ng isang galon ng gasolina. Tapos, using the gasoline, you pour it on the Nipah hut of the person and you lit it on fire. Pag nasunog na yung nipahat, of course the person inside will... will experience death.
Pag hindi siya nakipag-escape, kasi natutulog siya eh. Mamatay siya sa sunog. So ano ba ang krimen ngayon? Arson or murder? Hindi po siya kapasok sa arson, mga kaditi.
I have to repeat this over and over again. Ang nakalagay po dito, pag ang criminal intent po is to kill, and fire is the only method used in killing the person, hindi po siya arson, tsoy. Ang crime po dito is murder po.
Okay? Murder ha? Pangalawa, if the primordial criminal intent of the offender is to destroy property with the use of pyrotechnics and incidentally, somebody within the premise is killed, the crime is arson with homicide. So ano ang nangyayari dito? Ano ang criminal intent ng isang tao?
I-destroy niya yung property. Ano ang gamitin niya? In order to destroy the property, magamit siya ngayon ng fire. Tapos, may namatay.
May namatay doon. So, ano ang kaso ngayon? Hindi arson with homicide ka na? Pero pag sa number one, ha?
Ito, ha? Again, sa number one, ang criminal intent mo is pumatay. ang ginamit mo sa pagpatay ng isang tao, gumamit ka ngayon ng pagsusunog, fire, ano ang kaso?
Hindi arson, but magiging murder. Pero pag ang primordial criminal intention, ibig sabihin ang primordial, yung pinakaunang intention mo, yung pinaka primary intention mo, is to destroy the property by means of fire, and it so happened that there are persons inside, tapos namatay ang mga tao na nasa inside, e, debisikali, yolo. your crime is arson with homicide.
Okay? So meaning, ang baseline po dito mga kaditi ha, is ano yung primordial criminal intent mo? Ano yung pinaka primary purpose mo? Bakit nag-commit ka sa krimen?
Pag ang pinaka primary purpose mo is pumatay, inamit mo fire, anong kaso? Murder. Pag ang primary intent mo is to destroy the property by means of fire, may namatay because of that fire.
Hindi ang kaso is arson with homicide. Claro ha? Claro yan. Number three, a sudden and unexpected attack under circumstances which rendered the victim unable to defend himself by reason of the suddenness And severity of the attack constitutes alivosia. Ito ang sabi ko kanina, ibig sabihin ng treachery.
Ibig sabihin ng treachery, hindi mo binigyan ng oportunidad ang isang biktima to defend himself. Napakadali, napakasudden. Hindi siya makapag-defend sa kanya, nilagyan mo ng poison, or probably you are waiting, you are hiding behind the bushes.
Nag-hide ka during night time, let us say 10 o'clock in the evening, and when the victim passed by, you get your gun and you shoot him. Wala pong oportunidad to defend himself, yung biktima. It's a form of treachery.
Ang treachery is also known as alivosha. So, pasok po siya sa murder. Okay? Okay?
So kanina I mentioned about evident premeditation. Ano yung ibig sabihin ng evident premeditation? Act of the offender manifestly indicating that he clung to his determination to kill his victim.
Evident premeditation is absorbed in price, reward, or promise. Napakasimple lang. Evident premeditation. Meditation.
Ibig sabihin, may plano ka na. You already plan it. May intention ka.
Okay? To kill the person. Now, Pag pumatay ka ng isang tao because of a reward or a prize or a promise, pag pumatay ka because of monetary value, automatic may evident premeditation na yan.
Okay? So, ano yung ibig sabihin ng evident premeditation para mas madali lang mga kaniti? From the word meditate, may plano ka na.
Pinag-isipan mo na. Naggagawin mo ang isang bagay na Considered to be a crime Okay? Mas situation nito na inilagay ko mga kanitsa Para at least We can apply Candidate stop an innocent bystander Who accidentally bumped him The innocent bystander died as a result of the stabbing.
Candido was arrested and was tested to be positive for the use of shabu. At the time he committed the stabbing. What should be the proper charge against Candido?
Dito ha, the killing was not attended by any of the qualifying circumstances under Article 248. The killing, however, constitutes murder because the commission of the crime is under the influence of prohibited drugs. And prohibited drugs is a qualifying aggravating circumstance. Ang siya po po hindi nakalagay sa previous circumstances, right? Pero pag ang isang tao pumatay ng biktima, Under the influence of methamphetamine, hydrochloride, or whatever kind of illicit drugs, mahuhulog po siya under murder.
Pangalawang situation, the accused not intending to kill the victim, treacherously shot the victim while the victim was turning his back to him. He aimed at and hit the victim only on the leg. The victim, however, died because of the loss of blood. Can the accused be liable for homicide or murder considering that treachery was clearly involved but there was no attempt to kill? Sagot po dito, since specific intent to kill is absent, the crime for said death is only homicide and not murder.
Okay? Nangyayari po ito sa society natin ha. Isang police officer may naghahamok ng isang drunkard. Ito, nangyayari ito sa amin, mga kaditi, naghahamok yung person suffering from physical, ano na, not physical, psychological disability. Nagiging insane ba?
Or lunatic? Diba, naging lunatic yung isang tao. Kumuha siya ng isang bolo, naghahamok siya ngayon. Here comes the Mr. Pugi Policeman.
Knowing that there are a lot of persons watching over the scene, nagiging gara yung isang tao, nagiging hambog. Binaril niya ngayon yung leg, isang paa ng tao. Ang purpose niya is to waken the person so that the person will be arrested.
And it so happened that when the person was shot, the person was shot on the leg, part of the bone cracked because of the bullet that pierced through. And because of the cracked bone, at the distance from the incident. The distance of the place where the incident happened to the hospital that will take 2 to 3 hours, it caused hemorrhage on the part of the victim that led to his death. Namatay yung tao. Ano yung liability ng police officer?
Nako, Brad, magiging liable ka ng homicide. Bakit hindi border? Walang border kasi wala kang intention to kill the person. Okay? Pero pag may intent yun, nako, that's another story.
Okay, let me fall to... to murder. Pero ha, mga kadete, according to the Supreme Court, kasi po, may mga, ano ngayon, may mga pilosopo na mga tao.
Magsasabi sila, a difference between murder and homicide is very simple. Sabi nila, pag nakatalikod, murder na. Pag naka... Pag nakaharap, tapos minatay yung tao, homicide na.
Ako, hindi po. Ang position po ng biktima during the killing... is irrelevant.
Okay? It's irrelevant. Right? So, pag nag-iinuman kayo ngayon, tapos, naging barkada kayo, nag-iinuman kayo, and you debated on a particular issue that leads to a fight.
Tapos, yung tao, gustong kumuha ng isang botelya para ihampas sa ulo mo. Pero pag talikod niya, kasi kukuha siya ng isang boteng red horse, sinuntok mo sa likod. Namatay yung tao.
O, Nako, hindi po siya morder. Again, yung positioning po is not important sa pag-classify po whether a particular crime is murder or homicide. Ayaw po, naliwanagan ang lahat mga kaditi ha.
Now, to continue, punta tayo sa homicide. Okay? So, kanina ha, may mga circumstances na namin syon in order for a certain crime to be considered as murder.
Okay? So, dito ha, homicide in a person who not fully within the provisions of Article 246 shall kill another without attendance of the circumstances enumerated in 246 shall be deemed guilty for homicide and shall be punishable by reclusion temporal. Ano bang elements dito?
O na? May pinatay. Pangalawa, that the accused killed him without any justifying circumstances. Ano ba yung mga justifying circumstances?
Yung mga self-defense, defense of strangers, defense of relatives, blah, blah, blah. Number three, that the accused had the intention to kill which is presumed. And number four, that the killing was not attended by any of the qualifying circumstances of murder or by that of parasite or infanticide. So, ibig sabihin mga kadete, yung na-mention ko po kanina, balikan natin ulit ha, Yung na-mention ko po kanina, yung una, treachery, taking advantage of superior strength, blah, blah, blah, up to number six. Pag absent po yan sa pagpatay ng isang tao, mahulog po siya under homicide.
So pag walang treachery, walang alivu siya, o di, pasok siya ngayon sa homicide. Pero pag wala siyang treachery, walang alivu siya, pero may scoffing of the corpse of the person, pasok po siya sa number six. na circumstance under murder. So, maging murder siya.
So, ang point dito mga kaditi ha, tingnan nyo yung 1 to 6 ha. Pag hindi siya kasali sa 1 to 6, ang circumstance, mauhulog siya under homicide. Now, dapat natin tandaan ha, sa lahat na nagre-review right now.
Pag ang biktima po, hindi na matay, tapos yung sospetsyado, walang intention to kill the victim. Hindi na matay yung victim. Ang liability po is only physical injury. Wala pong frustrated, wala pong attempted homicide. I repeat, walang attempted homicide, walang frustrated homicide pag walang intention to kill the person.
Okay? So, ibig sabihin nito, ilagay natin sa example. Let us say, yung kaninang situation, wala kang intention to kill the victim. Binaril mo sa leg. Okay, sa leg part.
Nung natamaan ang biktima, nagkahimurage. Basically, pag hindi namatay ang biktima, nagkahimurage siya. Pero hindi siya namatay, ang kaso mo po will only be physical injury. Pero pag namatayan, kahit wala kang intention to kill, pasok pa din po sa homicide. Ang sabi ko kanina, hindi siya magiging attempted, hindi siya magiging prostrated homicide pag hindi namatay.
Ano ang kaso pag hindi namatay tapos walang intention to kill? Ang kaso is only physical injury. I repeat for one last time. Ha?
One last time ha? Pasensya po ha? Balik-balikin ko po para at least makuha po sa mga kadete ngayon. Walang intention to kill. Let's say, let's have another example.
You're playing basketball. Natamaan ka sa elbow ng opponent. E kaso pikon ka eh.
So nag-a-alit ka. Pumunta ka ngayon sa kalaro mo. Ha?
Sinuntok mo. Pag suntok mo, wala kang intention to kill him. Ang intention mo is just to punch, to teach him a lesson.
Eh pag suntok mo, natamaan mo sa mukha, tapos namatay yung tao sa suntok na yan. Eh ano ang kaso ngayon? Iti homicide.
Okay? Sir, pag suntok mo, he's just suffered bruises. He just suffers wound. On the face, may frustrated homicide, ba? May attempted homicide, ba?
Hindi, walang frustrated, walang attempted, but rather, anong kaso? Physical injury lang. Depende sa injury, ha?
So kung later on we will discuss kailan magiging less serious, magiging serious or slight physical injury, okay? Pero pag namatayan, kahit wala kang intention to kill, nako, pasok yan sa... Pasok yan sa homicide. Now, sir, what if may intention ka to kill the person?
Ibahin natin yung situation. May intention ka, gusto mong patay, bugbugin siya hanggang mamatay siya. Tapos hindi siya namatay.
O di pasok ka ngayon sa attempted or frustrated homicide. Kasi may intention to kill ka. Ang pinag-usapan natin kanina, yung wala kang intention. Ha?
I hope naintindihan na, mga kaniti. Andyan yung comment section, pag hindi ninyo pa naintindihan, tawagan ko kayo, throw messenger. Ay, nako. Alright?
Next, death cause in a tumultuous affray. Ano ba itong tumultuous affray? Pagrarambulan, pagrarayot ng mga grupo-grupo ng mga individuals. Una, there are several persons.
Number two, they do not compose groups organized for the common purpose of assaulting and attacking each other reciprocally. So, ang grupo dito dapat hindi siya organisado for the purpose of assaulting. Sabi ko kanina, tumultuous affray, grupo-grupo yan. Totoo po.
Pero dapat ang grupo na yan is not designed to... Assault. Kasi pag naka-design nyo yan, maging pasok yan sa armed men or band.
Let us say killing by means of a band. So ang grupo na yan, ang purpose niya... is just to kill or to assault somebody. So ito, may grupo, pero ang grupo is not intended to assault. Okay?
Nagkataon lang. For example, grupo from Barangay Uno, pumunta sa Discon. Grupo from Barangay Dos, pumunta sa Discon.
Same Discon. Tapos nagrarabulan yung dalawang grupo na yan. So basically, it's part of tumultus afray. Kasi yung grupo from Uno and Dos, they are not designed to kill each other or assault each other in the first place.
Pangatlo, these several persons quarreled and assaulted one another in a confused and tumultuous manner. Number four, someone was killed in the course of the affray. Tapos number five, dapat hindi alam, it cannot be asserted who actually killed the deceased.
Hindi malaman kasi marami eh, nagrarambulan. Next, the person or persons who inflicted serious physical injuries or who used violence can be be identified. Ito po ang mga elements ha.
Kahit hindi ma-identify kung sino ang pumatay, pero ma-identify po kung sino yung involved who inflicted the serious physical injury or those who used violence. So, basically, pag tumultus afrea, it's a commotion. It's just a commotion in a confused manner to the extent that it would not be possible to identify who the killer. If death will result. Kasi marami ang involved.
So, napaka difficult to identify the specific person who killed the victim. Now, ang tanong ngayon, pinaka-importante ng tanong mga kadete, Kailan po... O ano po ba ang exact number of persons para magiging pasok siya sa tinatawag nating tumultus afray?
Pag ang isang tao nagpapatayan sa isang tao, may tumultus afray ba? Wala. Magiging murder yan or homicide or parricide or infanticide.
Diba? So ang tanong, pinaka-importante yung malaman natin, ilan ba mga kaditi para magiging qualified siya sa tumultus afray? Ang sagot po rito, Dapat at least four persons taking part of the quarreling and assaulting against each other.
Ilan po ba? Dapat po apat ha, at least four persons taking part in it. Dapat po natin tandaan mga kaditi ha, na sa tumultus of fray, dapat hindi po ma-identify kung sino yung specific killer. Pag may namatay, dapat hindi ma-identify.
Kasi pag ma-identify yung specific person na pumatay sa biktima, hindi po siya pasok dito sa tumultus afray. But rather magiging pasok yan, it could either be murder or homicide. Nakuha niyo po?
So again, dapat sa tumultus afray, hindi dapat ma-determine kung sino ang pumatay, kung sino ang nag-inflect ng serious physical injury. Pero pag malaman, matumbok kung sino yung specific individual that caused the death of another person. Nako, hindi siya tumulto sa frame, but rather homicide or murder. Last.
Now, under sa number two, ha, yun ang sabi ko kanina, grupo-grupo. Dapat ang grupo should not be a group that is designed to kill or designed to assault or to inflict a physical injury to the other group. Dapat hindi siya designed. Kasi pag Ang isang grupo, nakadesignyo siya to attack or to cause death to another person.
Ay nako, hindi siya pasok sa tumultos afre. Kasi sa tumultos afre, dapat hindi nakadesignyo ang grupo in attacking. So, ano ibig sabihin dyan, sir? So, pag lima kayo, tapos ang purpose nyo talaga is to kill Pedro. Lima kayo.
Diba? Lima. Ang purpose niyo is to kill Pedro. Pasok ba siya sa tumultus afray? Hindi.
Pasok kayo sa sindikato. Or puwede conspiracy. Diba? Sa conspiracy, pag dalawang tao nakipag-conspire to kill somebody, then basically, it could be the crime will fall to homicide or murder.
Hindi siya magiging tumultus afray. So dapat again, ang grupo dito should not be designed in killing or assaulting somebody. It's just how...
na by coincidence, yung unang grupo pumunta sa diskuhan, paramang disco, yun ang purpose. Yung pangalawang grupo pumunta din doon, ang purpose is just to enjoy the disco. Pero nagkagirian, kasi paglasing na yung tao, na naiiba na yung mindset, nagiging abnormal na.
That can cause quarrel and disagreement. And to the effect that there might be commotion. There might be physical fight against this. Against this person.
So, dyan papasok ngayon ang tumultu-suffering. Okay? Next, physical injuries inflected in a tumultu-suffering. Kanina, death yun ha. Kanina, death.
Ngayon naman, physical injuries lang. Elements po dito, that there is tumultu-suffering as referred to in the preceding article. Number two, that the participant or some participants thereof Suffer serious physical injuries or physical injuries of less serious. So, ang nakalagay dito dapat less serious or serious physical injuries lang. Kasi po, pag ang physical injury is only labeled or classified as slight physical injury, hindi po siya, wala tayong physical injuries resulting to tumultuous affray.
Kasi po, ang slight physical injury, considered po siya as inherent in a tumultuous affray. So again, may kasong physical injuries. Inflected in a tumultuous affray, pag ang physical injury po could either be less serious or serious physical injury. Number three, that the person responsible thereof cannot be identified, that all those who appear to have used violence upon the person of the offended party are known. So ano yung ibig sabihin ng number three at number four?
Hindi alam kung sino yung nag-inflect ng violence ng physical injury, pero alam kung sino yung nag-participate. So yun po. Again ha, tandaan natin ha, less serious at serious physical injury lang po ang covered sa article na ito.
Next, giving assistance to suicide. Dalawa po ang posibleng circumstance dito. Una, assisting another to commit suicide whether the suicide is consummated or not. Ano ibig sabihin ng consummated? Nagtagumpay.
Nagbigay ka ng assistance, nagtagumpay, namatay yung taong gustong magkakataon. pagkamatay. Or, hindi nagtagumpay.
Kahit hindi nagtagumpay, so long as nag-assist ka, pasado ka sa krimen na ito. Number two, lending his assistance or other to commit suicide to the extent of doing the killing himself. Ito, napaka-confusing yung number two.
Simple lang yan. Ibig sabihin, nag-render ka ng assistance so na pwede na ikaw na yung pumatay. Kuha niyo po. For example, ganyan natin na example ha.
Si Pedro, gusto niya magpakamatay. Tinawag niya ngayon yung best friend niya, si Juan. Sabi niya, best, gusto ko nang magpakamatay.
Ayaw ko na sa mundo. Diba? Napaka-heavy ng problema ko. Best, gusto ko pong magpakamatay. So, andito po yung.45 caliber firearm ko..45 caliber firearms.
Tapos sabi ni Juan, okay, considering that you are my best friend, gawin ko po kung ano ang gusto mo. So, Kinuha ngayon ni Juan yung.45 caliber firearm ni Pedro. Ang sabi ni Pedro, sige best, i-aim mo yan sa forehead ko.
Tapos kalibitin mo yung trigger. You pull the trigger. So kinuha ngayon ni Pedro yung firearm.
Nilagay sa forehead ni Pedro. Tapos he pulled the trigger. So that's under number two.
Lending assistance to the point na ikaw mismo ang pumatay. sa taong gustong magpakamatay. Okay?
Note, a person who attempts to commit suicide is not criminally liable. Napaka-klaro. Mga kanita, ilagay ko na dyan. Ang taong gustong magpakamatay, huwag mo nang ipinalize. Ang principle dyan, gusto na nga niyang magpakamatay, ipapanish mo pa.
So, madudubli ngayon yung suffering niya. Okay? So, consider mo na yan. Huwag mo nang...
Ipapanish. Walang criminal liability yan. Number two, pero pag pregnant woman ka, gusto mong magpakamatay, tapos to the point na hindi ka namatay, hindi successful yung suicide mo, tapos yung bata inside your womb died because of the act of suicide, ang liability mo is abortion. Yun po.
Number three, assistance to suicide is different from mercy killing. Sa mga kadete dyan, hindi nakapag-avail ng libro, mag-jot down notes kayo. Baka parang nakikinig lang kayo sa radio ngayon. Mag-jot down notes kayo. Pero yung nakapag-avail ng libro ng Bicoy, nakuha dyan, nakasulat na yan.
Ano ba itong mercy killing? Tinatawag itong euthanasia. So ibig sabihin, may isang tao, hindi niya gustong magpakamatay. Ayaw niyang mamatay. Pero, naawa yung isang tao.
Naaawa siya kasi po, the person is in long suffering. For example, stage 4 cancer na eh. Ha?
Stage 4 cancer na. Tapos, the person really wanted to survive. Pero, Let us say, yung doktor, naawa na siya. Talagang, ano na eh, medyo pigado na.
So, ang ginawa ng isang doktor, mercy killing. So, naglagay siya ng isang medisina that can cause death of the person. And the person died.
It's euthanasia and mercy killing. Ano ang liability niya? Assistance ba?
Hindi. Ang liability niya is murder. Okay, murder ha?
Next, and last. The person attempting to commit suicide is not... liable if he survives. Pareho lang yan sa number 1 ay yung number 4. So, gusto mong magpakamatay, hindi successful, walang liability yan. Okay?
Punta tayo sa next crime, mga kadeti. Discharge of firearms. The offender discharged a firearm. Ibig sabihin, kumalabit siya, nagpull siya ng trigger against another person and the offender has no intention to kill the person.
Ito, napaka-confusing po ito sa homicide at saka... Sa physical injuries na na-mention po natin kanina. Alright? Pero punta muna tayo sa notes.
Defender must shoot at another with any firearm without the intention of killing him. Number two, a discharge towards the house of the victims is not discharge of firearms firing a gun at the house of the offended party. Not showing in what part of the house the people were is only a... alarms and scandals under Article 155. Usually the purpose of the offender is only to intimidate or frighten the offended party.
Again, pag ang isang tao binaril niya ngayon ang isang bahay, the purpose thereof is frightening the persons inside. Hindi niya alam kung saan, banda, nakapuesto yung mga tao sa isang bahay and he still fired a gun towards that house. Hindi po siya discharge of firearms, mga kadete.
Lumabas po ito sa board examination. Ang answer po is only alarms and scandals. Okay? Pero pag alam ng isang tao, nung nag-pull siya ng trigger, alam niya ang posisyon ng mga occupants inside that house, o di iba na po yung krimen. Dito ha, hindi mo alam kung saan nakapisto ang mga tao na nasa loob, but still, pinasalbahan mo, you hit the...
you hit the house with bullet coming from your firearm, ano ang sagot natin? Alarms and scandals. Ang purpose mo po is just to frighten the victims. Number three, if there is intention to kill, it may be classified as frustrated or attempted homicide, murder or homicide. No intent to kill if the distance is 200 meters.
Napaklaro niyan. Now, Ang purpose kasi sa discharge of firearms, ganito po mga kaditi, para hindi tayo makonfuse ha. Ang purpose ng discharge of firearms is just a matter of warning shot or to scare the person.
To scare the person, para matakot yung isang tao. Yan po ang purpose ng discharge of firearms. Pero, let us say, gusto mo mag-warning shots. Let us say, sinabil mo, tigil, pero binaril mo.
Pagbaril mo ngayon, You do not have the intention to kill. Natamaan by coincidence. Pag natamaan niya, nagsasuffer siya ng physical injury, may tinatawag po kasi tayong complex crime, ng discharge of firearms with serious or less serious physical injury. Yun po ang criminal liability mo. Pag natamaan, nagsasuffer physical injury.
Pero, pag hindi siya natamaan, ha? Pag hindi siya natamaan, And then, let us say, just a warning shot, or to scare him away, automatic, ang krimi natin ngayon is only discharge of firearms. Kuwa po? Pero pag natamaan siya, natamaan siya because you wanted to use warning shots in your arrest, natamaan siya, patay ka ngayon sa discharge of firearms with serious or less serious physical injury. Okay?
So, yun po ha. So kanina po, I also mentioned na dapat po wala kang intention to kill in this crime. Now, in the example that I stated a while ago, na-mention ko po, ang isang tao, binaril niya ngayon sa leg part ang biktima. Tapos, let us say, nagkasugat siya. Tapos, hindi siya namatay.
In that case, ang purpose is not to... to warn the person or not to scare him, but rather to shoot him intentionally. Hindi po siya ma-fall under the charge of firearms. It will only fall under serious or less serious physical injury.
Yun po ang example kanina, di po ba? Pero, pag ang purpose mo po, ang intention mo, is just warning siya or para matakot siya, tapos binaril mo para matakot siya, and then it hits him, nako, complex crime ka ngayon. ng discharge of firearms with serious or less serious physical injury.
I hope nakuha nyo po ang pagkakaiba, ha? Okay? Pero, kahit wala kang intention to kill, based on the example I will go, wala kang intention to kill, binaril mo lang siya pa, natamaan siya sa pa, nagka-hemorrhage, namatay.
Ano ang kaso? May discharge of firearms ba? Wala. Dito, papasok ngayon ang homicide. Okay?
Kuha po! So, yun po ha, discharge of firearms. Okay?
The crime is the discharge of firearm even if the gun was not pointed at the offended party when it fired. As long as it was initially aimed by the accused at or against the offended party, automatic, pasok po siya sa discharge of firearms. Sir, ang tanong, warning shot niya sir, is nasa taas eh. Ang emphasis po dito, mga kaditi, under discharge of firearms po ha, dapat ang muscle of the firearm is initially a pointed at the victim or at the offended party. So pag mas of the firearm, pointed to the sky, hindi yan initially pointed.
So hindi pasok siya sa discharge of firearms. Pag hindi pasok siya, probably on homicide. Okay? So I hope naintindihan po.
Next, another very important crime that you have to consider. Ito, pasok na pasok po ito sa criminologist licensure examination. Naglalaro lang yan sa parricide, homicide, murder, tsaka ito, infanticide, tsaka yung physical injuries, may importante yan.
Infanticide, ang sabi ko kanina, less than 3 days old ha, or less than 72 hours ang bata. Now, if the offender is the parent and the victim is less than 3 days old, again, the crime is infanticide and not parricide. Namention ko na kanina yan. Ang babae o ang ina, pinatay niya ngayon ang kanyang bata na 50 hours pa lang.
Less than 72 yan, pinatay mo yan, automatic ang krimen is infanticide, hindi parasite kahit anak mo yan. Number two, there is no infanticide when the child was born dead. Or although born alive, it could not sustain an independent life when it was killed. Ibig sabihin dito, Pag patay na yung bata, nung ipinanganak siya, patay na siya, hindi siya infanticide. Or probably, ipinanganak yung bata pero hindi siya makapagsustain sa independent life when it was killed.
Automatic, wala po siyang infanticide. Ano ibig sabihin dyan sa number 2 na phrase? Ibig sabihin, let us say, ipinanganak yung bata 6 months old. Or let us say... 5 months, 5 months na lang para conservative.
5 months old. Ang 5 months po, hindi po siya makapagsustain ng independent life. Kasi po ang kailanganin dito is 9 months eh.
Poy di 7 months or 8 months. Pero less than that, lalasay 5 months pa lang yung bata, ipinanganak mo na, pinatay mo, paglabas ng bata, hindi po ka po liable ng... infanticide. Okay? Next, a stranger who cooperates in the perpetration of infanticide committed by the mother or grandparent of the mother's side is liable for infanticide but he must suffer the penalty prescribed for murder.
So, yung nag-assist po, nag-cooperate para makommit yung infanticide, ang criminal liability nila po is infanticide pa din po pero ang penalty nila po is yung penalty that is equitable to the punishment under murder. Now, under number 3 po, dapat din po natin tandaan na may mitigating circumstance po. Mitigating circumstance, only the mother and the maternal grandparents are entitled to mitigating circumstances if the killing of the child is executed in order to conceal the mother's dishonor.
Okay? For example, na-rape yung ina, na-rape siya tapos na-buntis, of course, that's going to be humiliating to the public, right? So para hindi siya makunsel niya yung dishonor niya, kasi pag manganak siya, siguradong maraming bully yan. Maraming magsasabi na ang bata na yan is a fruit of the rape.
The rape incident. So, in order to conceal the dishonor, pag pinatay niya yung bata, may mitigating circumstance siya. Pero ang mitigating circumstance can only be given sa ina at saka yung maternal grandparents.
Sino yung maternal grandparents? Yung mga magulang ng babae. Okay? Kuha po. So, pero punishable pa din po ng infanticide.
May mitigating circumstance. Ang ibig sabihin, bababa yung... magiging mababa yung ma-reduce yung number of years of sentence. Okay? Next!
Intentional abortion. Ano bang intentional abortion? Elements that there is a pregnant woman, the violence exerted or drugs or beverages administered or that the accused otherwise acts upon such pregnant woman. Number three, that the result of the use of violence or drugs or beverages upon her or any other act of the accused, the fetus dies either in the womb or after having been expelled therefrom.
That the abortion is intended. Okay? So, yan po ang mga elements natin ha. So, dapat po, intentional yan. So, kailan po mangyayari ang intentional abortion?
Pag ang isang babae po na buntis, posibleng una, you punch him several times. Binugbog mo. Or pag hindi binugbog, nag-administer ka ngayon ng alcohol.
or probably any kind of drugs para at least mawala yung bata sa loob yung fetus. So, pag namatay yung fetus or naiilabas tapos namatay yung fetus, automatic intentional abortion po. Now, ano po ba ang lifespan?
Ano po ba ang number of months para isang bagay makonsider siya na fetus? A fetus is about 6 months old. Cannot subsist by itself. outside the maternal womb. Abortion usually means expulsion before 6th month or before term of viability.
Usually, ang term of viability natin, it's usually 7 months if I'm not mistaken. Ibig sabihin ng term of viability, yung makapagsustain na yung bata for an independent life. Pag 5 months old pa lang yan or 5 months and a half, hindi pa po siya makapagsustain.
Okay? So, pag less than pa, leastan po siya sa sixth month, makonsider po siya as fetus. Okay?
Infanticide ang krimen if fetus could sustain independent life after its separation from maternal womb and it is killed. So, ibig sabihin, let us say seven months old na siya, seven months old na, you exerted Probably violence or maybe drugs in order for the baby to be removed from your womb. Seven months old na eh, makapagsustain na yan.
Paglabas niya, buhay pa, pinatay mo ngayon, ano ang krimen mo? Ang krimen mo ngayon is not intentional abortion but rather infanticide. Bakit po? Kasi nga yung bata can already sustain an independent life.
Pero pag less than six months pa lang, he cannot sustain life. Let's say five months pa lang eh. Tapos, you exerted effort like violence or probably administered drugs para ma-remove yung bata pero less than six months pa siya, hindi siya makapagsustain.
Ano yung krimen? Iti-intentional abortion. Okay?
Now, if the woman turns out not to be pregnant, and someone performs an abortion upon her, nako ba, accident ito, he is liable for an impossible crime if the woman suffers no physical injury. Pero, if the pregnant woman was killed by violence by her husband, binugbog niya ngayon, the crime committed is the complex crime of parricide with unintentional abortion. Klaro ha?
So ibig sabihin, yung husband binubog niya yung wife niya, tapos yung wife niya is pregnant. May mga ano dyan ha, kayong mga lalaki kayo ha, pag may kasal kayo, pag may asawa kayo, nako you have to behave formally ha. Iwasan nyo yung drugs, yung mga alcohol-alcohol na yan, yung mga criminology cadets, mahilig sa alcohol.
Nakapag-English-English kayo, pag nakapag-alkohol kayo, pero pag nawala yung alkohol, once you become sober, nagiging shy na kayo. Nagiging timid, nagiging tahimik. Pag pinatindig sa klase, You almost got passed out.
Nagiging confident ka. Pag nakainom ka, tigil-tigilan nyo yan mga kadete. It will not do good on you.
Kasi nga po, marami. Maraming husband. Pag nalasing, pumunta sa bahay, binugbog yung asawa. Tapos yung asawa pregnant. Pag namatay ang asawa na yan, ako, complex crime kang bata ka.
Ang krimen mo ngayon is magiging complex crime nga yan ng parricide with the unintentional abortion. Kaya kayo ha, hindi kayo magiging pugi. If you want to mingle with other people, you can mingle with them by not drinking. Mga kaditi. O kayong practice.
Kaya kayo maging pugi yan. Kasi ang iba, para sumunod sa oso, sir, para maging go with the flow with the friends. I tell you, those persons who have small minds will do it.
Pero katayo po. Yung mga responsable na mga kadete dyan, shoutout sa inyo. Hindi pa tayo iinom para lang makipagbarkada. Right?
So again, magiging pariside with unintentional abortion yan. Pag ang isang husband, binugbog niya ngayon yung asawa, namatay yung asawa, tapos namatay yung bata. Okay? Pero pag, again, yung una, sabi ko kanina, pag yung isang tao nagpe-perform ng acts, To abort the baby, niya hindi alam na wala palang baby sa loob.
Nagpapanggap na pregnant yung isang babae. Hindi pala pregnant. Tapos nagpa-perform yung isang tao para ma-abort. Paano nga?
Paano ma-abort? Eh walang baby eh. So magiging impossible crime yan.
Pag walang physical injury. Pero pag may physical injury, pasok yan sa physical injury. Okay?
Next, pag may intentional abortion, may tinatawag din po tayong una-intentional abortion. There is a pregnant woman that violence used upon such pregnant woman without intention, intending an abortion, that the violence is intentionally exerted, that the result of the violence, the fetus dies either in the womb or after having been expelled therefrom. So iba po ito ha, ito unintentional. Kanina binugbog mo yung asawa mo. tapos namatay yung fetus inside. Ang purpose is just to inflict physical injury pero in return, nabugbog yung asawa at the same time namatay yung fetus.
Ano yung kaso mo ngayon? Unintentional abortion ka. Pero pag namatay yung asawa mo tapos namatay yung fetus, e di yung sabi ko kanina, complex crime yan ng parricide with unintentional abortion. Okay, next! Abortion practiced by the woman herself or by her parents.
Ikaw mismo na ina, nag-a-abort ka. That there is a pregnant woman who has suffered an abortion. That the abortion is intended. That abortion... is caused by the pregnant woman herself.
Sa mga babae dyan, mga kadete na babae, wag na wag nyo pong gagawin ito. This is one of the greatest sins na makumit ng isang tao. Pag wala kang humanitarian consideration, pag wala kang sympathy or empathy sa magiging bata mo, wag ka nang mag-engage sa sexual intercourse before marriage.
Ikaw naman laki, pag mag-sexual intercourse, mag-condom ka, Brad. Pag ayaw mong mabuntis ang babae, magiging responsable kayo, mga kaditi. Ito, napaka-paluin kita.
Pregnant woman mismo ang magbibili ng gamot. Kahit prescriptive drug siya, talagang babayan yung isang babae para lang ma-abort. Yung bata, yung fetus sa kanya.
Any other person with her consent? So, kasali din po yung ibang tao dito na sinabihan niya, humingi siya ng assistance or tulong. Any of her parents with their consent for the purpose of concealing her dishonor? So, probably na-rape siya.
Para ma-intact yung reputation niya. So, i-abort yung bata. Naku, huwag niyo pong gawin yan, mga kaditi.
Sa lahat po na nakikinig ngayon, this is one of the most evil sins in this world. Please, huwag niyo pong gawin yan. Alright, so liable po, abortion practice by the woman herself or by her parents. Next! Ito, abortion practice by a physician or midwife on dispensing...
or abortives. Or dispensing of abortives. That there is a pregnant woman who has suffered an abortion, that the abortion is intended, that the offender who must be a physician or midwife causes or assists in causing the abortion, that said physician or midwife takes advantage of his or her scientific knowledge or skill. Yan po ang krimen para po sa mga doctors and midwives na pwede pong mga na nagpe-perform po ng abortion.
Liable po sila. Okay? Next! Dito tayo sa duel. Okay?
Responsibility of participants in a duel, okay? Ang duel po, to be honest with you, hindi po siya that very prevalent po sa Pilipinas, okay? I could not cite, pero may nangyayari po, pero it's just very rare na may nagduduel po.
Ano ba ang act Spanish dito? Killing one's adversary in a duel? Inflicting upon the adversary serious physical injuries, making combat although no physical injuries have been inflicted.
So ano ba ang duel? Let us understand. First of all, what is a duel? A duel po is a formal or regular combat previously concerted between two parties in the presence of at least two or more persons of lawful age on each side who make the selection of arms and fix all other conditions of the fight. May selection kasi po dito.
For example, sa duel po, probably ang gagamitin natin is.45 caliber firearm. Magpapatayan tayo. Or probably, ang gagamitin natin is parang sa gladiator. Shield and sword.
Yung mga ganyan. With, with, may mga conditions po sa fight. So that's basically duel.
Ang duel po, hindi po kasali dito yung mga sa sports, yung boxing, hindi po siya kasali or whatever kind of mixed martial arts. There is no such crime nowadays, ito sabi ko kanina, there is no such crime nowadays because people hit each other even without entering into any preconceived agreement. This is an obsolete provision. So ito po ang sabi ko kanina, dapat kasi may agreement dito, may conditions in the duel. and in the usage of weapons or firearms.
If there are no conditions of the fight, it is not a duel. Pag walang conditions yan, hindi pa siya duel. It is not a duel in the sense contemplated in the RPC.
It will be a quarrel and anyone who killed the other will be liable for homicide or murder as the case may be. Pero again, sa boxing po ha, hindi po siya kasali sa duel po ha. or any type of mixed martial arts.
Dito po, dapat may weapon po, weapon po ang nagagamitin po, or any kind of, any kind of arms, any kind of arms, nagagamitin po sa isang fight. Okay? Next, the other one is, challenging to a duel.
Ano ang exponensible dito? Exponensible, challenging another to a duel, inciting another to give or accept. a challenge to a duel, scoffing at or decrying another publicly for having refused to accept challenge to fight a duel. So sa number three, yung nag-humilate ka, nag-bullying ka, nag-shout ka in the public, saying na itong tao na ito, walang bayag, ayaw mag-accept.
Yan po, liable ka. Right? Pero tandaan po natin ha, Iba po ang challenging into a duel, iba din po ang tinatawag natin challenging into a fight.
I repeat, iba po ang challenging into a duel, iba din po ang challenging into a fight. Nalagay ko po dito, people versus takomoy. If one challenges another to a duel by shouting, Come down Olympia, let us measure your prowess. We will see whose intestines will come out.
You are a... coward if you do not calm down. The crime of challenging to a duel is not committed. What is committed is the crime of light threats only under article 285 paragraph 1 of the revised penal code.
Bakit po? Kasi po sa duel, dapat may mga conditions yan. Okay? May preconceived agreement. Yan po is basically an example of challenging into a fight.
Not challenging into a duel. Okay? So, ano ang penalty niya?
Sabihin niya kayo, magbakbakan tayo pag pumunta ka nito, talagang, I will make your head spin over. So, yung mga ganyan, it's a slight threat. Okay? Hindi po siya challenging into a duel.
Okay? Now, dayuhin po natin ang serious physical injuries, less serious, at saka yung slight. Mga kaditya, dapat alam niyo po ang pagkakaiba sa tatlo.
Unahin natin ang serious physical injuries. Ang physical injuries po is committed by wounding, beating, assaulting, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. Now, kailan po magiging serious physical injury?
Una, nabasayan po, pag ang biktima po nagiging buwang, nagiging imbecile, nagiging impotent, o nagiging blind as the effect or a consequence of the physical injuries inflicted. Okay? Dalawang basayan.
Pangalawang basayan po, pag ang biktima, Nawala yung speech siya, hindi na siya makapagsalita because of the injury. Or probably hindi na siya makarinig, nawala yung sense of smell niya, or nawala yung isang mata niya, or nawala yung isang kamay, yung foot, arm, or leg. Pag nawala, paggamit of any such member mentioned on paragraph A, automatic, pasok sa serious physical injury. Ang letter C, Becomes incapacitated for work in which he had been habitually engaged. Now, take note, ang paragraph C sa number 2 is almost similar with number 4. Pero may pakakaiba yan, technically speaking, mga kaditi.
Sa paragraph C, sa number 2, paragraph C, isang tao may trabaho siya. Yan ang habitual work niya. Pero hindi na siya makapagtrabaho because of the incapacity that he suffered out of the physical injury.
For example, pag ang habitual work mo is welder ka, tapos nawala yung dalawang mata mo, hindi ka na makakita. Question, can you engage on the work you are habitually engaged before? The answer is no. Kasi po, wala na eh.
You're fully incapacitated. Sa number four. Hindi ka fully incapacitated. Partial lang.
Bakit partial? The injured person becomes ill or incapacitated for labor for more than 30 days lang, but not more than 90 days. So, ibig sabihin nito, ibig sabihin nito mga kaditi ha, hindi ka makapagtrabaho, let us say, welder ka.
Tapos, you suffered an injury. Let us say, yung injury mo, will prevent you from working within 31 days. 31 days ang minimum dito ha.
At hindi lalagpas sa 90 days. Ano ang kaso dito? Serious physical injury. Now, huwag nyo ding lituhin ang sarili nyo kasi po ang number 4 is also similar with number 3 paragraph D.
Ano ba yung nasa D? becomes ill or incapacitated for the performance of the work in which he had been habitually engaged in more than 90 days. So ang letter D is just a continuation of number 4. So ang sabi sa number 4, 31 days but not later, 31 days to 90 days.
Serious physical injury. Pero na-continue siya sa later day. Sa later day, more than 90 days.
So, ibig sabihin dito, ganito lang po para mas madali po ha. Basta 31 days, anabab, pasok yan sa serious physical injury. Okay? 31 days, ibig sabihin hindi ka makapagtrabaho.
31 days, pataas, automatic, serious physical injury yan. So, pag nasa mababa, Let us say, punta tayo sa less serious physical injury. Pag 10 to 30, less serious physical injury. Ibig sabihin ng 10 to 30, hindi ka makapagtrabaho within minimum of 10 days to 30 days. So less serious physical injury.
Pero pag 9 lang, hindi ka makapagtrabaho within 1 to 9 days lang. O dipasok ka lang sa slight physical injury. 1 to 9 slight physical injury, 10 to 30 that's less serious physical injury, 31 and above, that's basically serious physical injury.
Yun po, para hindi po tayo malito, under paragraph C of number 2, paragraph D of number 3, at saka yung number 4. Proceed tayo sa paragraph A sa number 3. Becomes deformed, Ano ibig sabihin na becomes deformed? Siguro natamaan siya ng suntok tapos na-deformed yung nose tiny na may balik. Example lang po yan ha. Or probably any part of the body na-deformed.
Losses, any member of his body, losses, they use their off, blah, blah, blah. Okay, yun po ha. Now, yun po sabi ko kanina, 31 and above, seryos.
10 to 30, less seryos. Slight pag 1 to 9, okay? In physical injuries mga kaditi ha, dapat tandaan natin, paulit-ulit po, sabi ko kanina, wala pong intention to kill. The crime is prostrated or attempted murder or homicide pag may intention to kill ka.
Okay? Yun po ha, sabi ko kanina, balik tayo again. Sa example, wala kang intention to kill, binaril mo sa paa ang isang tao. Tapos, hindi namatay yung tao.
Basically, ang krimen po is physical injury. It could be serious, less serious, or slight. Depende po sa circumstance siya.
Pero pag namatay siya, kahit wala kang intent to kill, magiging homicide yan. Kahit wala kang intent to kill. On the other way around, pag binaril mo as a matter of warning shot, tapos... warning shot or a matter of scaring him tapos natamaan siya ngayon o mag-complex crime nga ka ngayon ng discharge of firearms with physical injury.
It could be less serious or serious physical injury. Okay? Take note also ang serious physical injury or slight or less serious tinatawag po ito siyang formal crime. Ano ba ang formal crime?
Ito po ang krimen na wala pong attempted at saka frustrated stages. Okay? Pag may attempted, frustrated stages at saka consummated, automatic, tinatawag siyang material.
Pero ang physical injury, automatic, it becomes a crime in one act. Okay? Sige, sunod. Lesser is physical injury, again, 1 to 9 days lang ha. Hindi siya makapag-engage.
sa kanyang trabaho or needs medical attendance for the same period of time. That the physical injuries must not be those described in the preceding articles. Magiging slight pag 1 to 9 lang.
Number 2, that which did not prevent a final party from engaging in his habitual work or which did not require medical attendance. For example, nagiging black eye lang. So, basically, ang black eye that will not prevent a person from working. Pero, again, Depende din po. Kasi pag nagka-black eye siya, tapos ang habitual work niya is fashion.
Magpa-fashion siya. Bench siguro na fashion show. Mag-catswalk siya.
Paano siya makapag-catswalk pag nakapag-black eye ka na? o gawin mong design yung black eye mo. Diba? Depende yan.
Depende. Pero, it's just normal. Let us say, wilder lang na black eye siya.
It will not prevent him from working farther. Okay? So, slight physical injury. Ill treatment of another by deed without causing any injury.
Like, for example, slapping, but without causing dishonor. Kasi po, pag it will cause dishonor, Tapos the person is embarrassed or humiliated in the act of slapping. Nagiging embarrassed siya. For example, the person is slapped in public. Marami ang nakakita na embarrassed siya.
Ode, pasok ka ngayon sa slander by deed. Pero pag ang slapping mo is not caused by an injury, for example, nag-aaway kayo privately, tapos nasampal mo in the process, ode, slight physical injury ka ngayon. Rape, himahimayin natin ang rape ha mga kadete Importante ito in the criminologist's licensure board examination Dalawang patas po ang i-mention po natin dito Republic Act 8353, the anti-rape law And the other one is Republic Act 11648 mga kadete ha Again, yung Republic Act 11648, 11648, okay?
Ang 11648 po, isa po isang batas na nag-amend Sa Republic Act 8353, dyan po nakapaloob yung age of consent. Okay? So, unahin muna natin ang unang mode. Okay?
Ang rape po are classified into different modes. Unang mode, rape by sexual intercourse. Ano ba ang elements dito? Offender is a person, man or woman, ha? Sa Republic Act 8353, Pwede ang babae, pwede ang lalaki makapag-commit ng rape.
Number two, offender had carnal knowledge of a person. Ano ibig sabihin ng carnal knowledge? Napaka-simple, carnal knowledge means sexual intercourse.
Okay, yan po ibig sabihin dyan. Pangatlo, such act is accomplished under any of the following circumstances. It could be by force, threat, or intimidation. When a person is deprived of reasons or is otherwise unconscious. Ano yung example sa letter B?
Example, let us say, a person is imbecile or insane. Deprived of reason yan. O number two, hindi siya imbecile, hindi siya insane, pero unconscious.
Nilasing. After lasingin yung babae, nagiging subject for gang rape. Or hindi gang rape, ikaw mismo, torpe ka eh. Nagiging torpe ka. Hindi ka marunong mag-court ng isang babae.
Nilasing mo muna. Pag lasing niya, di nirape mo. O yan po ang example. Unconscious po. Letter C, by means of fraudulent machinations, machinations or grave abuse of authority.
Ano ibig sabihin ng machination? Ito yung mga cleaver, cleaver design to accomplish something. Ito yung mga pinaka-cleaver.
clever na mga tricky na design. For example, you lure somebody, you will give him comfort inside your house, or probably magagawa kayo ng assignment sa bahay niya, pero actually the purpose thereof is raping a woman. Or abuse of authority. Let us say, superior ka on the other person, rape mo.
Letter D, when the person is under 16 years of age, statutory rape or is demented. Now, Ito po ang letter D is embedded under the law Republic Act 11648. O nang tandaan mga kadete, in the previous, ang age of consent po natin is 12 years old. Pero ngayon po sa mga kadete dyan na hindi pa po informed, especially yung instructor nyo, panay absent, panay hambog lang. Ang age of consent ngayon is hindi na 12, but rather 16 years of age na po ha, ang age of consent po natin under Republic Act 11648. Now, pag ang isang tao makipagtalik, has carnal knowledge, with a person who is under 16 years of age, statutory po ang kalalabasan.
Now, take note, under ang nakalagay. Kasi pag 16 yan, nakipagtalik ka with consent. On a 16-year-old or 17-year-old, so long as under 18, 16 or 17, hindi po siya statutory rape.
Ang kalalabasan dyan would be seduction, simple or qualified seduction. Okay? Pero pag below 16, may consent siya or walang consent, pasado ka, statutory rape. Okay? Pangalawa, there shall be no criminal liability on the part of a person having carnal knowledge of another person below 16 years of age, if, number one, when the age difference between the parties is not more than 3 years.
Ito, tandaan nyo po ha, napaka-tricky ha, sa provision na ito. Anong ibig sabihin dyan? Pag-anggap po is only 3 years, wala pong statutory rape na mangyayari dito.
Example po, yung lalaki 18 anos, yung babae 15 years old. Ilan yung gap? 15, 16, 17, 18, di ba tatlo?
3 years yung gap nila. Pag ang difference ng age is only 3 years, tapos yung carnal knowledge or sexual act is consensual. Ibig sabihin, may voluntariness. Hindi siya abusive kasi dinadahan-dahan. And non-exploitative.
Hindi siya na-exploit yung pagkabata. Talagang ano na eh. Ano na? Nagiging ah...
Nag... consensual, naging intimate, walang exploitation, walang machinations, talagang wala. Walang criminal liability.
Okay? Walang statutory rape na mayayari. Granting again na 3 years yung gap at saka consensual non-abusive and non-exploitative.
Pero, Pag hindi siya nakaabo sa 3 years gap, tingnan lang natin, 14 years old yung babae, 18 years old yung lalaki, kahit pa consensual yan, kahit pa non-abusive yan, kahit pa non-exploitative, considering na ang gap is more than 3 years, patay ka, Brad. Statutory rape ka ngayon. Kuha?
Statutory rape, ha? Sir, what if, let us say, um... Let us say, ang lalaki, 17 years old. Ang babae naman, let us say, 14 years old.
Ianggap niya, 7 years old, 3 years old. May rape ba? Again, tingnan po natin. Pag minor kasi yung lalaki, titingnan natin yung discernment. If he acted with discernment or without discernment.
Yun po ang unang concern dyan eh. If he acted with discernment or without discernment. In the same manner, pag ang lalaki is 17 years old, tapos ang nirape niya ngayon is 13 years old, ano na, not nirape, nakipag-sexual intercourse siya with consenta sa isang 13 years old, 17 yung lalaki, ang unang concern natin ngayon is may discernment ba? O wala bang discernment? before we can say na may rape na nangyayari.
Okay po ba? So pag walang discernment, wala kasi yung criminal liability. Pag may discernment naman, on the other hand, possibly may criminal liability. But at the end of the day, ang discernment can only be proven by the court and the court alone. Okay?
So yan po ha. Huwag na nating nilituhin mga kaditi ha. Una, pag 3 years gap, let us say 15 years old ang babae, 18 years old ang lalaki, adult yung lalaki, minor yung babae, pero ang gap is 3 years sa kanilang edad, ang relationship is consensual, yung sexual act is non-abusive, non-exploitative, wala pong criminal liability.
However, if the victim is under 13 years of age, this exception shall not apply. Ibig sabihin, ano ba yung below 13? I-dose.
Pag dose yung babae, kahit consensual siya, non-abusive or non-exploitative, considering na below 13 siya, pasok. na pasok ka ngayon sa state tutorial rape. Okay? So, ang tanong ngayon, sir, bakit kasi exempted yung consensual under three years?
Ay, under three years? Pag three years yung age gap. Kasi may tinatawag tayong sweetheart doctrine. Ano yung sweetheart doctrine?
Operates on the theory that the sexual act is consensual. But it requires proof that the accused and the victim or the victim were lovers and that she consented to the sexual relation. Sweetheart doctrine cannot be invoked in instances involving sexual intercourse and lascivious conduct involving children below 13 years of age.
So, ma-invoke lang siya ang sweetheart doctrine pag 3 years yung gap. Tapos hindi siya below 13 years of age. Pero pag 12 anos yan, Brad.
pidophile kang ahak na kang tauha ka. Pag dusi pa yan, nako, you can say, Your Honor, I will invoke sweetheart doctrine. No, hindi yan ma-invoke. Kasi po, below. Pag 15 yung babae, tapos 18 ka, pwede po ma-invoke yung sweetheart doctrine.
Okay? Yun po ang ibig sabihin dyan. Alright?
Next! Pangalawang mode. Rape through sexual assault. Kaya through sexual intercourse.
Ito, through sexual assault. Offender commits an act of sexual assault. Act is committed by any of the following by means of inserting his penis into the person's mouth sa baba or sa anal orifice of the person. Or by inserting any instrument or object into the genital or anal orifice of another.
That's very understandable. Act is accomplished under any of the following circumstances. Force of intimidation, deprive of reason or otherwise unconscious, fraudulent machinations, or give offuse of authority when the person is under 16 years of age or demented.
Ay, before I forget, mga kadete, nakalimutan ko po. Ibig sabihin ang demented, psychologically impaired po ang tao. Meaning, abnormal po siya. Kahit hindi po siya below 16, kahit 18 yung demented person, kahit 19, or kahit adult yung demented person, pag nakipag-sexual intercourse ka sa kanya, pasok ka ngayon sa statutory rape. Kuwa po.
Pag ang babae, for example, 18 years old, demented siya psychologically, impaired po siya, ginug-jug sa a-a mo, ginerger mo, patay ka, brad. Statutory rape ka dyan. Okay? So, balik tayo ha. Sa rape by sexual assault, ang instrument or object po should be construed to include any kind of foreign object including the human finger.
Pag pinifinger mo, this is very, ano, very sensitive topic. Pag pinifinger siya, or gumamit ka ng instrumento, stick, kahit ano, insert it in the anus of the person, pag gay siya, insert mo sa anus, or probably on the mouth of the person, pasok ka po sa rape through, sexual assault. Rape pa din po.
Next! Itong mode 3, sa lahat po ng mga minyo, di ha? Sa lahat ng minyo, sa lahat ng mga married person, mga kasado, o maritaldre pa, aman, o penetrate his wife without her consent, or against her will, ito po ang krimen para sa inyo. So dapat may consent yan.
Pag ayaw, di wag mo nang pilitin. Notes! even the slightest contact of the penis with the labia constitutes rape. Remember, ang rape po, wala po siyang frustrated ha. Wala siyang frustrated rape po.
Yan po ang dapat niyong tandaan. So, the slightest contact of a foreign object to the labia minora. Labia minora of the vaginal lips of the woman, automatic, that will already constitute rape. Kahit walang penetration. Pangalawa, it is not the number of times that a pillant ejaculated But the penetration or touching that determines the consummation of the sexual act.
Ibig sabihin, pag nag-masturbate lang siya, While looking at you being naked, hindi po siya pasok sa rape. Ang punto po dito is that, not the number of ejaculation, kung ilang beses siya nalabasan yung lalaki. Ang punto dito is yung touching, the labia minora, the vaginal lips, or probably penetration of any object, foreign object, or a penis, or whatsoever.
The negative findings of spermatozoa on the medical legal report does not prove that no rape was committed. Again, pag walang sperm yan, hindi ibig sabihin walang rape. Kasi po, pag foreign object, pag ini-insert mo stick, may sperm ba ang stick? Naku, wala. So, hindi ibig sabihin walang rape.
Again, no crime of frustrated rape. Okay? Alright. Next! Punta tayo sa qualified rape.
Ito. Iba naman po ito. Kanina, statutory rape, rape by sexual assault, rape by marital rape, tapos rape by sexual intercourse. Ito, qualified rape naman. Magiging qualified siya pag una, ang biktima is under 18 years old.
And the offender is a parent, ascendant, step-parent. Ibig sabihin ng step-parent, hindi kasado. Hindi mo legitimate father.
Hindi mo biological father. Guardian relative by consanguinity or affinity by blood or by relation within the third civil degree or the common law spouse of the parent of the victim. Dapat natin tandaan under number one.
Pag ang isang tao may influensya over the girl. For example, ang ama. A father over his daughter.
Hindi na po kailanganin na may resistance. Okay? Hindi na kailanganin i-determine yung resistance ng babae. So long as pag ang involved dito is a person which has influence over the victim. Ang moral ascendancy po or influence, exercise medakius over the victim.
substitutes for the element of physical force or intimidation. Okay? Klaro yan ha. Yung impluensya po ng isang tao sa biktima will replace sa tinatawag nating intimidation or resistance or force. Next, is under the custody of the police, military authorities, law enforcement agency.
For example, yung mga law enforcers natin, nakipag-sexual intercourse sa kanila, Sa mga biktima, pasok po sa qualified rape yan. Is a religious and such legitimate vocation is known by the offender before or at the time of rape. Ito ha, pag ang isang babae kasi religyosa, religious and it could not just religious but of legitimate vocation.
For example, teacher siya. Tapos nirrape ng isang tao, naku, qualified rape yan. Is a religious... And such legitimate vocation is known by the offender.
Dapat alam niya before the time of rape. Alam ng offender, isang tao is a religious individual. For example, madre, nirrape ng isang tao.
Alam niya, madre yan, nirrape niya. Basically, qualified rape po. Is a child below 7 years old, suffered permanent or physical mutilation or disability by reason or...
on the occasion of rape. Sa letter D, pwede siyang statutory rape, pwede din po qualified rape. Pag isang tao na mutilate or physically disabled na siya kasi na traumatized out of the incident, pasok po sa qualified rape.
Okay? Pangalawa, magiging qualified rape yan pag ang offender is afflicted with sexual transmissible disease and the virus. Or this is transmitted to the victim.
For example, tinutulo yung lalaki. May AIDS or may HIV. Tapos, nirrape niya yung babae. And then, the babae, in that instant, was affected. Nagiging transmitted yung disease.
Qualified rape yan. Pag ang offender is a member of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, PNP, Law Enforcement Agency, blah blah blah, even BJMP or BUCOR. New of the pregnancy of the offended party at the time of the commission of the rape. For example, pregnant yung woman, rape ng isang offender, ang rape is considered to be qualified.
New of the mental disability, emotional disorder, or the physical handicap of the offended party at the time of the commission of rape. Alam mo na demented siya o alam mo na may mental disability siya. may emotional disorder, pasok ka ngayon sa qualified rape, pasok ka din po sa statutory rape.
Next, if rape is, yung demented ha, sa statutory, yan po dapat antandaan natin. If rape is committed in full view of the spouse, parent, any of the children, or other relatives within a third civil degree of consanguinity. Ibig sabihin, gusto mong makakita yung husband mismo na ni-rape mo yung asawa niya. Or, in front of the kids. Nako, may mga tao talagang ganito, mga napaka-evil.
Qualified rin po ang kaso, okay? Now, ano ba ang effect of pardon? Ito, mga kadete.
Pag ang isang tao, ang offender, has been forgiven, ano ba ang effect ng pardon niya? O na, subsequent valid marriage between the offender and the offended party then can extinguish the criminal action or the penalty being imposed. Anong ibig sabihin na ito? Pag ikaw, torpe ka, nirip mo yung crush mo, tapos sinabihan mo, magpakasal na lang tayo para at least walang dishonor on your part.
At the same time, wala nang gastusan sa kaso. Tapos sabi ng babae, may kakyutan ka naman, mukha mo parang rosy, pwede na ito. Pwede na.
So yung babae, napilitang magpakasal sa'yo. Hindi napilitan. Dapat may consent talaga.
Let us say, consent. May consent yung mga. Sabi na, okay, sige, magpakasal na lang tayo.
In a way, mukha mo parang rosy naman eh. Sabot-sabot lang, Brad. Di ba? In that case, pag may marriage sa taong nag-rape sa'yo, without finding party, nako, Brad, good news. Walang criminal liability yan, Brad.
Walang punishment. So long as mapasagot mo yung babae. So, discard mo na yan. Pangalawa, subsequent forgiveness by the wife as the offended party when the legal husband is the offender provided their marriage is not void ab initio. So, una po.
Marital rape yung number two, ha? So, pag ang lalaki has already been forgiven by the wife, automatic, wala pong marital rape. Considering na dapat ang marriage is not void ab initio.
Ano ibig sabihin ng void ab initio? Ibig sabihin dyan, void from the beginning. Kailangan magiging void ab initio yung marriage.
Magiging void ab initio siya. For example, yung una, walang parental consent or walang parental advice pag ang isang tao is less than 25 years old. Or number two, pag ang isang tao is minor. tapos ikinasal sa isang adult. Nila siya, ang bata is 16 years old, ikinasal sa 19 anos.
Automatic, yung marriage niya is void of initial or void in the beginning. So, hindi siya mag-a-apply. Pero pag ang marriage naman is legal naman, valid naman po, nirepe yung asawa, then the asawa forgive the husband, automatic walang criminal liability. Okay?
Applicability of pardon only to principals. Pardon is not applicable to accomplices, accessories, and in multiple rapes. Okay? Hindi po siya ma-apply.
Okay? Sa principal lang po, ang pardon is not applicable again sa mga accomplice, sa accessory, at saka sa rape na multiple. Okay? Next!
Tapos na po tayo sa rape ha, mga kanite. I hope I was able to give you the necessary knowledge po sa preparation sa board exam. Lastly po, kasi part po ito sa board examination. Actually, luwabas ito sa board exam eh.
Trafficking in person sa... Last na po mga kadete. May Republic Act number 9208 po tayo.
Republic Act 9208, known as the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003. So sa trafficking in persons, ito po, magiging kita niyo sa slide, ang mga punishable or unlawful acts. Okay? Una, pag-recruit, pag-transport, pag-transfer, pag-harbor, pag-provide, o pag-receive ng isang tao, kahit anong means, pwedeng recruitment, kung ano-ano man dyan. Under the pretext of domestic or versus employment or training or apprenticeship.
Pero actually, ang purpose niya is prostitution, pornography zone, and so forth. So, illegal recruitment ba? Nire-recruit mo para makapag-abroad, papunta doon sa abroad, ay naging prostitute pala.
Trafficking in persons yan. Or probably slavery or forced labor. Trafficking in persons. Number two, another punishable act.
To introduce or match for money, profit or material, economic or other consideration, any Filipino woman to a foreign national for marriage, and then the purpose actually, is for selling or trading her para sa prostitution. So, nagmamatch ka. Sabi mo, o ito, bagay sa'yo ito ah.
Ay, papakasal ka. Pero the purpose actually is to make you a prostitute in abroad. Trafficking in persons pa din po yan. Or to offer or contract marriage.
And the purpose of the marriage again is pornography, prostitution. Nakalagay na dyan. Pakibasa na lang mga kadeti ha. Sunod!
Another unlawful act. To undertake or organize tour and travel plans consisting of terrorism packages. And purpose again is utilizing or offering persons for prostitution, pornography, or sexual exploitation.
Yung mga tourism dyan, pwede din po. Trafficking in persons. Nag-e-explore ka ngayon ng tour and travel plans. Pero ang purpose, para makapag-enjoy ng prostitution.
Number five. To maintain or hire a person to engage in prostitution or pornography, trafficking in persons pa din po. To adopt or facilitate the adoption of persons, ipa-adopt siya para sa purpose ng prostitution, pornography, sexual exploitation, forced labor, blah, blah, blah.
To recruit, hire, adopt, transport, or abduct a person by means of coercion, force, deceit, violence, so on and so forth, for the purpose of removal or sale of organs of said person. Ito. Nangyayari po ito mga kaditi ha, party ng lozon, nagre-recruit, binibintay yung kidney, yung left kidney nila for a maximum of 100 or 200,000 tapos yung tao, pobre, para magkapira lang, ha, nag-consent. allowed himself to be removed with one kidney. Trafficking in persons yan.
To recruit, transport, or adopt a child to engage in armed activities in the Philippines or abroad. Yung nagre-recruit ng minor para sa armed struggle. Pwede sa abroad, pwede din po dito sa Pilipinas.
Trafficking in persons pa din po. Okay? Next, acts that promote trafficking in persons, pwede lease or sub-lease, use... Ibig sabihin ng list, nag-rinta, used or allowed to be used in a house, building, or establishment for the purpose of promoting trafficking in persons, or nag-produce ka, nag-print ka, nag-tamper or fake counseling certificates, registration stickers, so on and so forth, or nag-advertise, nag-publish, nag-broadcast ka, pwede sa newspaper, pwede sa internet, brochure, para ma-promote ang trafficking in persons.
Next, to assist in the conduct of mispresentation or exploitation, to facilitate, assist, or help in the exit and entry of persons, to confiscate, conceal, blah, blah, blah. Lahat-lahat ng makikita nyo po sa slide, parte po yan ng trafficking in persons. Acts that promote trafficking in persons.
Okay? Magiging qualified trafficking in persons pa ito. Lumabas ito sa board examination, December 2022. Magiging qualified ha? Qualified trafficking in persons ang kaso. Pag una, bata yung being trafficked.
Or number two, adoption for the purpose of prostitution. Or number three, pag ang krimen po is committed by a syndicate. Dito po, ang sindikato under qualified trafficking in persons, three or more persons. Claro ha?
Three or more persons dapat. Okay? So, ah, On the other hand, syndicate or in large scale.
Ano ibig sabihin ng large scale? Large scale pa din po pag 3 or more persons. Pareho lang din po.
When the offender is an ascendant, parent, sibling, guardian, at qualified pa din. When the trafficked person is recruited to engage in prostitution in any member of the military or reinforcement agencies, at qualified pa din po. When the offender is a member of the military or law enforcement agency, when the person or occasion of the act trafficking persons, the offended party dies, becomes insane, suffers mutilation, or afflicted with HIV or AIDS, magiging qualified trafficking in persons pa rin. Okay?
Lumabas ito sa board examination. Pag isang police officer, nag-i-engage siya sa trafficking in persons, automatic, pasok ngayon sa qualified trafficking. Okay?
Mga kanita, I'd like to stop in this slide. Cover na po natin. I hope I was able to give the necessary understanding para po sa preparation sa board examination. Maraming salamat po sa pagtagkilig sa Bicueno.
Maraming salamat din po sa nag-avail sa Bicueno review material po natin. God bless everyone. Ingat po. God bless, God bless, God bless, God bless. Stay safe ang lahat.