Overview
This lecture introduces the psychodynamic approach in psychology, outlining its history, core assumptions, and unique features in therapy and theory.
Psychodynamic Approach: Background
- The psychodynamic approach is an umbrella term for theories including Freud's psychoanalysis and Jung's ideas.
- Terms like psychodynamic, psychoanalytic, and depth psychology are often used interchangeably.
- Freud developed both a theory of human development and a treatment (psychoanalysis) for mental illness.
- The field now includes many diverse theories and various treatment lengths.
Core Assumptions of Psychodynamic Theory
- Emphasis on a developmental perspective: early childhood shapes lifelong patterns.
- Recognition that predicting life outcomes from childhood alone is not possible.
- Varied focus on childhood across theorists: Freud stressed childhood, Adler less so, Erikson included the entire lifespan.
- Transference: past relationship patterns influence current relationships and perceptions.
- Attachment theory: early attachments to caregivers influence adult relationship styles.
- The therapeutic process can create new, healthier relationship templates.
- Importance of unconscious factors in mental life and psychopathology.
- Person-oriented perspective: focuses on understanding whole person, not just symptoms.
- Recognition of the complexity and non-linear progress in therapy (regression and progression possible).
- Continuity between mental health and illness, viewing them on a spectrum.
Distinctive Features of Psychodynamic Therapy
- Greater focus on emotions compared to thoughts (unlike cognitive behavioral therapy).
- Exploration of defense mechanisms (ways people avoid uncomfortable feelings or topics).
- Attention to recurring patterns between past and present behaviors.
- Greater focus on the past and its influence on current problems.
- Emphasis on interpersonal relationships, including those with the therapist (transference).
- Exploration of wishes, dreams, and fantasies (e.g., dream interpretation).
Key Terms & Definitions
- Psychodynamic Approach — A broad school of thought focused on unconscious processes and early development.
- Psychoanalysis — Freud’s specific theory and treatment model based on uncovering unconscious motives.
- Transference — Projecting patterns from past relationships onto current ones, especially with the therapist.
- Attachment Theory — The idea that early bonds with caregivers shape future relationship styles.
- Defense Mechanisms — Psychological strategies to avoid distressing thoughts or emotions.
- Unconscious — Mental processes outside of conscious awareness that influence behavior.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the core features and terminology of the psychodynamic approach.
- Prepare for deeper exploration of each concept in future lectures.