AP Government: The Declaration of Independence

Introduction

• Focus on the foundational document: The Declaration of Independence.
• Key sections:
  • Preamble
  • List of grievances against King George III
  • Resolution for Independence
• Emphasis on Enlightenment ideals influencing the document.

The Preamble

• Written by Thomas Jefferson.
• Justification for American colonists breaking away from Britain.
• Famous line: "When in the course of human events..."
• Purpose:
  • Rally troops for the revolution.
  • Secure foreign allies to assist in the war.

Influence of Enlightenment Thought

• Natural Rights Theory:

  • "We hold these truths to be self-evident..."
  • Rights: Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
  • Influenced by John Locke's "Second Treatise on Civil Government."
  • Rights are given by the creator, not by government or kings.

• Role of Government:

  • Created to protect natural rights.
  • Derives power from the consent of the governed (people).

• Concepts from Rousseau:

  • Popular Sovereignty: The power to govern is with the people.
  • Social Contract: People willingly surrender some power to the government to protect their rights.

Implications of Misconduct by Government

• If a government becomes destructive or fails in its duties:
  • It is the right of the people to alter or abolish it.
  • Establish a new government to protect their rights.

Conclusion

• The Declaration of Independence set a precedent for challenging tyrannical governments and establishing a system to protect citizens' rights.
• Additional resources:
  • Playlist of videos on foundational documents.
  • Review packet for exam preparation.