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Understanding the Declaration of Independence

Apr 28, 2025

AP Government: The Declaration of Independence

Introduction

  • Focus on the foundational document: The Declaration of Independence.
  • Key sections:
    • Preamble
    • List of grievances against King George III
    • Resolution for Independence
  • Emphasis on Enlightenment ideals influencing the document.

The Preamble

  • Written by Thomas Jefferson.
  • Justification for American colonists breaking away from Britain.
  • Famous line: "When in the course of human events..."
  • Purpose:
    • Rally troops for the revolution.
    • Secure foreign allies to assist in the war.

Influence of Enlightenment Thought

  • Natural Rights Theory:

    • "We hold these truths to be self-evident..."
    • Rights: Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
    • Influenced by John Locke's "Second Treatise on Civil Government."
    • Rights are given by the creator, not by government or kings.
  • Role of Government:

    • Created to protect natural rights.
    • Derives power from the consent of the governed (people).
  • Concepts from Rousseau:

    • Popular Sovereignty: The power to govern is with the people.
    • Social Contract: People willingly surrender some power to the government to protect their rights.

Implications of Misconduct by Government

  • If a government becomes destructive or fails in its duties:
    • It is the right of the people to alter or abolish it.
    • Establish a new government to protect their rights.

Conclusion

  • The Declaration of Independence set a precedent for challenging tyrannical governments and establishing a system to protect citizens' rights.
  • Additional resources:
    • Playlist of videos on foundational documents.
    • Review packet for exam preparation.