all right so this video is just going to be me going through all 125 or 130 questions that are on the 3dr website for the part 107 test it's basically a really long practice test but I'm not just gonna go through and give you the answers the whole goal of this is to talk through each question and hopefully get an understanding of the concepts that they want you to understand you have to know something about these tests they can be hard I took mine today and they threw me a lot of curveballs I got a 88 which I saw was the same score that Tony Northrup had so I was okay about that but but there were some tricky questions on there and so I'm gonna go through and talk about the concepts as we go through the questions think of it like a you don't want a pilot taking a test and just having memorized the question the answers to the questions you want our pilots and doctors and stuff to take tests to get certified where they actually have to know the stuff and the FAA is trying to do that so they have this big testable questions which you've never seen and they're gonna throw something different they're gonna throw a lot of curveballs at you and so the best course of action is to know the concepts as opposed to the answers to the question so that's what this is gonna be try to do can you watch this video by itself and pass that the part 107 maybe if you follow the things that I also tell you to do but if you're committed to watching videos to try to get this done I would at least watch this video as well as Tony northrop's video which I'll link in the description and also follow the advice of checking out other videos specifically there's areas that like airspace and especially the whole guidelines for attitudes and how to deal with risk management and all that stuff I will at times say you got to read this section of the study guide it's just so important that you actually read through it because they're gonna ask a ton of weird stuff about it but we'll get into all that let's just get started with question number one okay so the first question refer to figure 20 why would the small flag at Lake Drummond in area two of the sectional chart be important to the remote P I see so let's look at figure 20 now in this case I think a lot of times they want you to just get good at finding airports and things on these sectional charts but in this case they've given you that it's an area to which is marked by these red circles and we can zoom in here and see Lake Drummond and area two and this is the flag that they're talking about now this is a sectional legend sectional chart legend question basically and I would encourage you to not just know what this flag is but to know go through the legend and learn what all the kind of weird things are the types of obstructions that this means glider because there's really no telling what they're gonna ask you about this so it is really helpful to at least go over the sectional legend to find out what all the weird things are in this case we've got the flag here and it's kind of confusing in this chart it seems that they're wanting to say this is this VFR waypoints is referring to this flag and that is in fact the correct answer it is the flag indicates a VFR checkpoint for manned aircraft and a higher volume of traffic air traffic should be expected there so this is basically a section alleging question and it's always good to brush up on sectional legends according to 14 CFR part 107 the suas is an unmanned aircraft system weighing and here they're gonna they're trying to trick you in this question a little bit they're saying less than 55 pounds or 55 pounds or less so the answer here is less than 55 pounds so 55 pounds is a number that you need to remember basically a drone can't weigh 55 pounds it can weigh 54 point nine pounds but it can't weight 55 pounds so that's just one of those numbers you have to memorize okay the next question is about TAF reports it says refer to the figure in the TAF from K okay see the clear sky becomes and it gives you this box where you basically need to find out okay which airport are we looking at we're looking at OKC so we need to be looking in here and in this case it's asking the clear sky becomes so we need to be able to identify where the clear sky is and what that clear sky will become but for our purposes I'm just gonna go through this entire list everything on here even though it's not really gonna be relevant to this question just because the important thing here is that you learn this not what the answer this question is but that you learn every detail about it that you actually know how to read this so that's what we're gonna do so all right so let's begin at a four port is something that tells about the airport's weather conditions at at the given time specified in the report so this is what the condition conditions are at the airport taps are much more detailed than their the meet ours which are basically the same thing and just shorter and easier to do if you can do these you can do those so let's read it so this came from km m the airport it was issued on the 12th day of the month because of course they don't need to give you any more detail than the 12th day because it's a weather report and not that long lasting so it's a 12th day of the month at 17 2000 time is just how they're referencing the sort of universal time something that they've call it now but used to be Greenwich Mean Time basically a number that the world can agree on is in its seventeen hundred and twenty hours the next set of numbers is when the report is valid through and it's valid through the twelfth day of the month at 1800 hours Ulu to the 13th day of the month at 2400 hours Zulu's this is the time in which the weather report will be valid the next set of numbers we know is gonna be about wind direction and speed because we see the KT meaning knots so whatever you see Katie it's talked about wind direction and with the speed in this case the first numbers it's 200 degrees the wind is blowing in and I guess that would be from what like the Southwest and at 12 knots is how fast it's blowing the next is gonna be about visibility because we see SM statute miles anytime you see this and one of these reports it's talking about visibility in this case there is five statute miles of visibility around the airport the next they throw these kind of random number letters and they're all codes four types of weather in this case it's haze and then the next bit is gonna describe what the clouds are like there and the clouds are broken and they're broken at 3,000 feet in this case we're adding two zeros to this and know that the broken cloud layer is at 3,000 feet at our two zeros all right the next group is a probability occurrence so there's a this case is gonna warn you about some weather conditions that probably could occur and that is a forty percent probability prob forty forty percent probability and whenever you see this this number is a little confusing this next one it's actually a time frame so it's between tooth you add two zeros to each numbers between 2000 and 2200 hours Zulu time so whenever you see a probability know that they're gonna have to give you a timeframe in which this probability might occur within this broader time period when will this condition set occur between two thousand twenty two hundred hours there might be one statute mile of visibility so low visibility with ts RA these are two weather conditions I don't know why they grouped them together but they do so thunderstorms and rain again you can refer to your chart if you need to with those the next is cloud conditions overcast again these are there's not that many of them so you kind of memorize these by accident but so overcast and we're gonna add two zeros so 800 feet so pretty low clouds and what type of clouds are these CB cumulonimbus those are the dangerous ones remember the thunder heads and stuff so overcast 800 feet cumulonimbus clouds they need to put that because that's the one everybody is worried about the cumulative cumulonimbus all right so the rest of this report starting at the FM which means from 2200 hours ulu time so it's gonna tell us within the time frame here remember this report which was issued here is actually valid you can expect these conditions through 12 18 through 13 2013 3 of the month 2400 hours so that's a pretty broad time frame in which a lot can happen to the weather so that's what the Frome's here are all about describing what the weather is gonna do all in between this time frame so from 2200 hours and we know the next one is wind we got our knots so the it from 2200 hours the wind is going to be coming in at 330 degrees at 15 knots with gusts up to 20 knots the P here stands for + basically so you're gonna have + or better than 6 miles visibility statute miles we see visibility because we know what statute miles the clouds are gonna be broken at 1500 feet overcast at 2500 feet and there is a 40% probability that between 2200 hours and 200 hours there will be three statute miles of visibility and showers and rain then from 200 hours wait yet the b2 yeah from 200 hours three the wind is gonna come in at 350 degrees at 12 knots it'll be overcast at 800 feet there's a 40% probability that between 200 and 500 hours there will be two statute miles of his visibility with rain and snow which that becomes between the hours of 600 and 800 it will become windy it will become wind will come in at 20 degrees at 8 knots with broken clouds at 1,200 feet all right so the next line says that it's becoming kind of could see that when you look at it so it's becoming and here they've gone back to the other date format that we saw up here or the days of the month were included so on the 13th day which is all still within this time period but a smaller chunk of it between the 13th day between 1000 and 1200 hours Zulu the wind will come in at 0 degrees 0 knots there will be 3 statute miles of visibility BR is one of these that can trip you up because it is one of those that you wouldn't expect so it's missed and you can just look that up on your own legend so where were we three statute miles visibility with mist then the skies clear that's what that means as KC skies clear tempo means temporary condition and this is stuff that they expect to happen not be long-lasting like some really strong winds for a little while or something like that temporary condition between 12 12 and 12 14 again that's the days of the month and hours twelve hundred and forty-nine hour Zulu with one half statute mile visit the visibility with fog and then finally and from 13 1600 so that's almost to the end of this forecast from 13 1600 there will be variable wind at six knots so it's gonna come from lots of different directions at six knots and then plus six statute miles of visibility and then skies clear okay let's try to go through the next one and also figure out what the answer to our question is which is from K okay see the clear sky become so we'll be looking for that so here we are at the one we're supposed to look at and we know that this was issued on the fifth day of the month at 11:30 Zulu time and it's valid through the fifth day of the month at 1200 hours to the sixth day of the month at 1800 hours the winds are gonna be coming in at 140 degrees eight knots b5 statute miles of visibility with we now know missed broken clouds at 3,000 feet a temporary condition valid through 5 1300 through 5 1600 is that the visibility will be one and one-half statute miles there will be missed and then from five the fifth day at 1600 hours ulu the wind is going to come in at 180 degrees at 10 knots there will be plus or more than six miles visibility the skies clear be coming between 520 205 2400 then the wind will come in at 200 degrees at 13 knots with gusts up to 24 statute miles of visibility showers rain overcast 2,000 feet a 40% probability that between six at zero hundred hours and six at six hundred hours there will be two statute miles of visibility with thundershowers and rain overcast at 8,000 feet cumulonimbus clouds coming between six at 600 hours and the sixth day of the week at 800 hours the wind will come in at 210 degrees 15 knots greater than six statute miles of visibility scattered clouds at 4,000 feet so what the answer is is we actually can see clear skies as KC becoming which is what this question that asking what does the clear sky become at Keio KC and the clear sky becomes but it's also going to make sure we know we're getting the right one because it's going to give us a time frame so if there were two of these kinds of things clear sky becomes you would actually know which one because the time frame but we can actually see it - if you get tripped up you can use the visibility here we have greater than 6 miles visibility and that's clear skies but that becomes and we look it's gonna become overcast so clear skies are we gonna become overcast at 2,000 feet we can see right away that that's probably gonna be this one because all the other ones say 200 feet but I would say don't use that always read the entire questions of these and especially the question and the answers because there are trick questions I mean it's just there are a lot of them so you have to make sure you read everything because they might be trying to trip you up and in this case though we can see it's gonna become overcast at 2,000 feet let's double-check that we're right by making sure time frame is right and it says between 2200 Zulu and 2400 Zulu so let's see if that's right the clear sky becomes between 2200 and 2400 Zulu so we know we're right 2000 feet it is definitely that one loading cameras or other equipment on and suas mount the items in a manner that can easily be removed without the use of tools what do they care about that that's nonsense so is visible to the visual observer or other crew members they don't talk anything about that the only thing they mention when talking about adding things to your drone pretty much is that it does not adversely affect the center of gravity that's the main thing that they're concerned about if you're putting stuff on your drones or mounting things they talked a lot about the center of gravity neck says refer to figure 20 who would a remote pilot in command contact to check no domes as it is noted in the caution box regarding the unmarked balloon so no teams are notices to air man they are flight warnings about conditions that may be in a particular area sometimes it can be emergencies be all kinds of different things so this seems like a little bit of misdirection so we look in the balloons the unmarked balloons are kind of in these boxes so far that I've seen and it says caution unmarked balloon on a cable to 3008 feet msl check no tubes but it doesn't tell us where to check them and it gives us a link to the sectional legend here and I didn't find exactly what they want it might be here but you know I'll probably kick myself for not seeing it but as far as I understand it it could be just total misdirection but in these kinds of questions when they're asking about who do you contact about such-and-such they do kind of you can kind of tell what they mean we know that they probably don't want you to contact their district office that would be such a bureaucratic nightmare so they don't want you to contact them as I think what I want you to know but because they've set up all kinds of important portals for people to get this stuff they can call a phone number they can look online they can do a lot of different things in this case it's calling it flight service is the answer flight service is a proper name of a website that does a lot of different things sometimes you it's basically you can check no times and it's something that they have provided and wants you to know about how to do it it doesn't say web site or anything else like that this is a proper name of what it's called the flight service but it might show up in other questions as a phone number or a website address of different things but they don't want you to contact the officers they want you to use the portals they've created for all these different things which techniques should a pilot use to scan for traffic the options are concentrate on relative movement detected in the peripheral vision area systematically focus on different segments of the sky for short intervals and continuous sweeping of the windshield from right to left so the answer is systematically focused on different segments of the sky at short intervals let's see if we can find where they want us to learn about that so yeah they in the study guide they include this chart but what they the main things that they want you to understand is - basically you're gonna be looking at a area and that and then moving on to another sort of segment of the sky and each time should last no longer than two to three seconds but you're basically just scanning portions of the sky it recommends to scan approximately 30 degrees wide in each segment now the 10% which is a number that will come up in these tests in the practice test anyway is how much it wants you to overlap that 30 degree area so maybe you've got a 30 degree arc that you're scanning and the next when you move over it should sort of overlap with your first scan within that 10 degree area so 10 degrees 30 degrees each each time should last no longer than two to three seconds and so that's the answer to that question okay this one says refer to figure 21 what Airport is located approximately 47 degrees 40 minutes north latitude and 101 degrees 26 minutes west longitude so you basically need to know how to do latitude and longitude you're gonna look for these numbers here on the grid we see a 101 and a 48 anyway so you need to know that each one of these tix is a minute so you could theoretically and we know it's going to be 101 degrees in 26 minutes and we know that 101 degrees is starting at this and we need to know that these are that the lines are climbing West basically the opposite way that we we read I heard it explained that it's kind of like America was founded on the East Coast and it's moving out from there that's one way to remember it anyway and you basically can just count 101 101 1 101 2 etc until you get to 26 which we can actually do if we each one of these is 5 and the longer ones are 10 so we could just count ahead that's 10 25 and 6 and we see that well at least we know that that's where this is the next thing wants us to know is the 47 degrees 40 minutes so we see 48 here and we know it's counting up so this is 48 the next one up here would be 48 degrees 30 minutes and the next one would be 49 but here we counting backwards we know that this is 47 degrees thirty minutes so this line right here 47 degrees thirty minutes and it's asking for 47 degrees forty minutes so basically from this line we're counting up ten and that's right here and there are less tix going up than there are going this way so don't be fooled by relative space so County you might want to count individually 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 and we already know that it's gonna be garrison Airport that lines up with these ok this says the FAA may approve your application for a waiver of provisions in part 107 only when it has been determined that the proposed operation so the key thing here is a waiver a waiver is something you're probably never gonna really do unless you want to do something that's not really covered in the normal rules of part 107 for example there's talk now of waivers I mean it's very rare but waivers to fly over people which you should never ever ever do people that are not you don't have their approval and but in this case you could theoretically file a waiver with the FAA to fly over people but there's this huge thing a list of things that they want to and special things you need to do to your drone and all kinds of things to get that waiver so what's the answer can safely be conducted under the terms of the certificate of waiver involves public aircraft or air carrier operations will be conducted outside the United States no no no no if they're gonna let you get a waiver they're going to make sure that it can safely be conducted under the terms and certificate of waiver okay this next question which says when adapting crew resource management CRM concepts to the operation of a small you a CRM must be integrated into all phases of the operation is the answer that they want of course the flight portion only in the communications only what you need to know about this is that crew resource management which is a sub part of let's see if I can find chapter 10 which crew resource management is a subheading of it's the aeronautical decision-making and judgment thing they're gonna ask and want you to really know a lot of weird phrases and things that are on here you got to understand about this this particular chapter it's very very important to them in fact they decided basically that this whole little thing aeronautical decision-making judgment is that it's teaching techniques are reducing pilot errors they did a study and found out that all this percentage of stuff was done on pilot human errors and judgment things so they had this big bureaucratic thing and they came up with this whole system to try to teach you how to think basically and they believe it works and they have all this stuff that say it does work and whatever so what you have to understand is that you have to really read through this part of the study guide if for no other reason because it'll get you familiarized with weird terms that if you normally look test question you would say there's no way they're using that word of this thing and it's not just the macho and invulnerability stuff it's other other weird things like the pavé checklist and all this stuff you got to understand they're super serious about this at least read through it one time and know which kind of phrases and stuff that it's talking about because it will be an important part of the test and a lot of questions will be about that in this case it's just a crew resource management about that and it should be integrated into all phases of the operation we need to understand unstable air versus stable air this is something that you pretty much just have to memorize or learn for yourself learn exactly what they mean because they're gonna ask this in a lot of different ways there's no way to really prepare for it except for just to know it so let's look at it unstable air and stable air are a little bit weird because they're kind of the reverse of what you might think let's look at stable air is a good place to start because stable air is characterized by having stratiform clouds and fog so stratiform clouds are the ones that I mean if you saw you'd say oh man it's gonna be you know gonna rain today it's gonna be not a nice day they're kind of on the same level they're a little bit flat I don't know exactly how to describe them but basically stratiform clouds and fog it's gonna have continuous precipitation which is kind of what you would expect from a situation like that now it's gonna have smooth air and that's why it's called stable air I don't know exactly why those conditions would result in smooth air it's probably because of air density or something like that but whatever it is well actually now that I think about it I do kind of know what it is but we'll get to it so smooth air is characteristic of stable air that's the main reason this seems in my head as stable as this smooth air but it also has fared poor visibility in haze and smoke I'm not sure how smoke comes into it but what you need to know is has poor visibility so stable air has almost nothing going for it except for smooth air it's got stratiform clouds it's raining all the time it's got really poor visibility the only thing I can see positive about stable air is that the air is smooth on the other hand unstable air this is unstable air now a good way to visualize this is by looking at a couple things here's a drawing showing you know a nice white puffy cloud a cumulus cloud the reason a cumulus cloud is that way is because there's air rising into it and kind of pushing it up in fact the whole the study guide has this whole thing about the life cycle of a thunderstorm and it starts life as a cumulus cloud a nice white puffy cloud but it goes bad gets involved with the wrong crowd and the air pushes it way up into the atmosphere which causes all kinds of dewpoint things and stuff to basically turn into rain and become a cumulonimbus cloud which is the thing that they are mostly concerned about telling you a dangerous cloud is a cumulonimbus it's a cumulus cloud with the suffix Nimbus which means rain and Latin or something so it you can kind of see the difference in your head now the Stratus cloud we don't like those that's still there though and the unstable air is a cumulus kiemce of the form clouds showery precipitation with unstable air now with this is kind of confusing because every time I've ever seen these describe they both have precipitation it's like there's no kind of air that does not have precipitation but it's either gonna be showery or continuous continuous so showery would be like sporadic or whatever but continuous and stable air would just be all the time I guess mixed with unstable air rough air turbulence that's caused by the air rushing up into the cumulus cloud so unstable air the it's unstable is because the air is rough because there's turbulence that's the thing that's different is because there is upward rushing air the next and final characteristic is that has good visibility except in blowing obstructions so good visibility with unstable air so if you can get this in your head that if you can picture what an unstable air day would be like in my head I have it like oh great its unstable outside I'm gonna have a wonderful day but the oxymoronic reverse would be man it's stable outside it's gonna be a terrible day you know it's just a reverse of a reality it's the bizarro alright so the next question is what are the characteristics of moist unstable air mass hopefully what we learned before will help us to answer this question now so its moist well if I remember both unstable and stable were described as having some kind of precipitation either showery or persistent or constant precipitation but what is an unstable airmass well remember we said we'd rather be outside on an unstable day because it's got clear visibility the white puffy clouds so we're looking for and that kind of day poor visibility and smooth air nope that is the exact opposite that is the characteristics of a stable mass stratiform clouds no we know right there stratiform is in stable not unstable and showery precipitation no cumuliform clouds that looks right so far and showery precipitation the exact things that we're looking for when we are looking for an unstable airmass this one says refer to figure 2 if an unmanned airplane weighs 33 pounds what a what approximate weight with the airplane structure be required to support during a 30-degree banked turn while maintaining altitude so one of the main things that the FAA wants you to know is that when you take a really hard turn with your drone it's going to increase the load factor and you know each aircraft is designed to support a certain amount of load so it needs you need to know if another thing that it'll kind of ask you is like what factors have to do with load factor or weight on the airplane and the answer will be any flight except for straight-and-narrow flight basically wants you to know that turns create load so in this case we take the weight of the Erb aircraft which is 33 pounds and we know that it's banking at 30 degrees so we look for 30 degrees and that's in between 1 and 2 and we don't need to know exactly what because it tells us right here a third degree turn actually is 1.15 4 so you take the weight of the aircraft in this case 33 pounds times 1.15 4 and that gets 38.08 in this case we'll just hit 38 pounds I will say that some of them later or get a little bit confusing but we'll talk about that when we get there and it says when operating an unmanned airplane a remote pilot should consider that the load factor on the wings may be increased anytime again the load factor is the airplane is subjected to manoeuvres other than straight and level flight the gross the gross weight is reduced or the center of gravity is shifted rear or word to the aft center of gravity limit now there are questions about center of gravity gravity 2 but the main thing you need to know is that the FAA wants you to know that right and left bank terms at higher degrees increase a load factor so the airplane is subject to maneuvers other than straight and level flight so your flight patterns will affect a load factor what action should a remote pilot take when operating in milk in a military operations area or MOA now this one is a little confusing because there are different you might tend to think of a military operations area as like a military base and of course you can't go flying on a military base but military operations area can can be a really big broad area let's say that there's a military base you know a couple towns over or whatever even in that town you may be in MOA but not necessarily in a restricted area it just basically means you need to pay more attention in this case it'll say different different things about that the options it gives you here is obtain authorization from the controlling agency prior to operating in MOA exercise extreme caution when military activity is being conducted or and fly along military training rooms well you definitely don't want to fly over military training routes because they can actually go quite low on those and they're shown on the maps by lines with numbers in them and they're called mtrs but so you don't want to do that that's the obvious one you want to exercise extreme caution when military activity is being conducted now you you can there's different ways to check when that military operations there you might be active but it's basically not necessarily controlled airspace just as in a place where you need to be more aware that military operations are nearby so that's what that is what is the forecast wind for kmm from 1600 zulu and to the end of the forecast all right well let's see here for km so it wants to know what the forecast wind is from 1600 zi until the end of the forecast well here's km and let's just kind of work backwards okay because we find 1,600 z here you know if it's gonna be to the end of the forecast we know we need to start at the bottom because there's so many changes here that are going on we need to know what the weather's going to be to the end of the forecast so let's work backwards and we see from the 13th day till 1600 hours so we're exactly Matt stuff everything looks good and wants to know the wind so it's going to be variable at six knots and here we see that answer variable indirection at six knots a pilot should should be able to overcome the symptoms or avoid future occurrences of hyperventilation by okay so what hyperventilation is is when you hyperventilate you breathe too much and when you do that you get too much oxygen in your blood and it can cause all kinds of problems so you need to basically not breathe as much and so it gives you lots of different ways to word that it says slowing the breathing rate breathing into a bag or talking out loud closely monitoring the air traffic's telemetry data or increasing the breathing rate in order to increase long ventilation so the answer is a you want to slow the breathing rate you don't want as much oxygen and they basically have a whole section on these kinds of things that you really again need to read through and the study guide because just knowing the answers to these kinds of test questions isn't necessarily gonna help you because there's gonna be weirder things and hyperventilation that they might quiz you on this one says refer to figure two if an unmanned airplane weighs 33 pounds what a what approximate weight with the airplane structure be required to support during a 30 degree banked turn while maintaining altitude so one of the main things that the FAA wants you to know is that when you take a really hard turn with your drone it's going to increase the load factor and you know each aircraft is designed to support a certain amount of load so it needs you need to know if another thing that it'll kind of ask you is like what factors have to do with load factor or weight on the airplane and the answer will be any flight except for straight-and-narrow flight basically wants you to know that turns create load so in this case we take the weight of the air aircraft which is 33 pounds and we know that it's banking at 30 degrees so we look for 30 degrees and that's in between 1 & 2 and we don't need to know exactly what because it tells us right here a third degree turn actually is 1.15 4 so you take the weight of the aircraft in this case 33 pounds times 1.15 4 and that gets 38.08 in this case we'll just hit 38 pounds I will say that some of them later or get a little bit confusing but we'll talk about that when we get there also about that it says when operating an unmanned airplane a remote pilot should consider that the load factor on the wings may be increased anytime again the load factor is the airplane is subjected to maneuvers other than straight and level flight the gross the gross weight is reduced or the center of gravity is shifted rearward to the aft center of gravity limit now there are questions about center of gravity gravity 2 but the main thing you need to know is that the FAA wants you to know that right and left bank terms at higher degrees increase a load factor so airplane is subject to maneuvers other than straight and level flight so your flight patterns will affect a load factor what action should a remote pilot take when operating in milk in a military operations area or MOA now this one is a little confusing because there are different you might tend to think of a military operations area as like a military base and of course you can't go flying on a military base but military operations area can can be a really big broad area let's say that there's a military base you know a couple towns over or whatever even in that town you may be in MOA but not necessarily in a restricted area it just basically means you need to pay more attention in this case it'll say different different things about that the options it gives you here is obtained authorization from the controlling agency prior to operating in MOA exercise extreme caution when military activity is being conducted or and fly along military training rooms well you definitely don't want to fly over military training routes because they can actually go quite low on those and they're shown on the maps by lines with numbers in them and they're called mtrs but so you don't want to do that that's the obvious one you want to exercise extreme caution when military activity is being conducted now you you can there's different ways to check when that military operations are you might be active but it's basically not necessarily controlled airspace just as a in a place where you need to be more aware that military operations are nearby so that's what that is what is the forecast wind for kmm from 1600 zulu and to the end of the forecast all right well let's see here for km so it wants to know what the forecast wind is from 1600 zi until the end of the forecast well here's km and let's just kind of work backwards okay because we find 1,600 z here you know if it's gonna be to the end of the forecast we know we need to start at the bottom because there's so many changes here that are going on we need to know what the weather's gonna be to the end of the forecast so let's work backwards and we see from the 13th day till 1600 hours so we're exactly matched up everything looks good and wants to know the wind so it's going to be variable at 6 knots and here we see that answer variable in direction at 6 knots a pilot should should be able to overcome the symptoms or avoid future occurrences of hyperventilation by okay so what hyperventilation is is when you hyperventilate you breathe too much and when you do that you get too much oxygen in your blood and it can cause all kinds of problems so you need to basically not breathe as much and so it gives you lots of different ways to word that it says slowing the breathing rate breathing into a bag or talking out loud closely monitoring the air traffic's telemetry data or increasing the breathing rate in order to increase long ventilation so the answer is a you want to slow the breathing rate you don't want as much oxygen and they basically have a whole section on these kinds of things that you really again need to read through and the study guide because just knowing the answers to these kinds of test questions isn't necessarily going to help you because there's gonna be weirder things and hyperventilation that they might quiz you on so you need to read through that section in the study guide alright so this says according to 14 CFR part 48 when a when must a person register a small UA with the Federal Aviation Administration so this is not talking about this the part 107 this is just about anybody whether they're flying it commercially or flying it for their own personal use or hobbyist purposes if it's over point five five pounds so just over half a pound which almost all drones are they have to be registered the only other thing that it might ask you about this registration process is that you have to be 13 years old to register a drone so if you were under 13 and you had a drone which almost certainly is over 0.55 pounds somebody else would have to register that a 13 year old could not next what is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitudes such as anti-authority so this is that hazardous attitude section of the study guide where it showcases a lot of different ones anti-authority is pretty obvious this is the type of person that says I don't want to the rules so the antidote to such an idea would be to follow the rules so you got to know what antidote means because rules do not apply in this situation like you might be thinking it's asking the question what is anti-authority so read the question closely what is the antidote it wants to know what is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude such as resignation resignation is the idea that oh there's nothing much I can do about it anyway you know might as well whatever and so the antidote to that is that I am NOT helpless I can have an effect on having a safe safe flight or preventing crashes etc all right the next question is between 1,000 to Lou and 1200 salute the visibility at km is forecast to be so first we need to distinguish which one of these two or we're looking at and it's kmm so we're looking in the lighter colored block and probably we're looking for a statute mile number but probably the best way to look this one up is to just try to find the one thousands illu to 1200 Zulu timeframe so it's going to be one of those that are giving you a range and here we find it between and here it's showing the day first so it between 1000 and 1200 the statute miles were rather the visibility is gonna be three statute miles which we see is the answer down here so we'll choose that and we can double check because you know even if you were thinking okay well but there's statute miles listed over here am i making sure it's not that well yeah you know it isn't because this is between 1200 and 1400 which doesn't match up with that so that was the best way to look that up okay it says refer to the figure and answer what is the approximate latitude and longitude of Cooperstown Airport so this is a latitude longitude question and we need to first start out by finding Cooperstown and we got lucky there's not many airports on this one here it is so what is the lat TuneIn longitude and we're looking and looking for our numbers and we find them right here we find that this is 99 that's 47 so we need to know what this is right here so if this is 99 this is 98 30 and this is 98 okay so let's first find out what that is so 98 1 2 3 4 5 6 I'd say yeah I'd say that's about right I'd say 98 degrees 6 minutes let's see if we have anything all ready for that uh yet well two of them have 98 degrees 6 minutes ok so let's find out what the other part is what's the 47 and we need to go all the way up here that's kind of far away's away so we'll count by tens in this case remember there's kind of more space between them there is down here so this would be 47 10 this would be 47 20 and we'll just count 21 22 23 24 25 25 or 26 47:25 there it is so we already looked up the 98 6 so that is the answer there next determine the approximate latitude and longitude of the Minette International Airport from the note I don't know so again we got to figure it out this one's pretty easy there it is right there so let's just count we know 101 this must be 101 degrees in 30 minutes so let's just count 101 10 minutes 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 it's about 17 so 101 17 somewhere around there well 101 16 and only one that has 101 16 so we can be almost positive that that's what it is but let's just for the sake of argument figure out the rest of it so we need to know what's the latitude is 48 degrees we can skip up and say this is 48 degrees 10 minutes 48 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 or 16 so that's where we're looking right there and that where the runway is so let's see 48 degrees 16 and 101 16 so that's what we had next who holds the responsibility to ensure all crew members who are participating in the operations are not impaired by drugs and alcohol who holds the responsibility to ensure all crew members is it the contractor well we've never heard of him really much before so probably not the remote pilot in command or the site supervisor well both of those we don't really they're just kind of official sounding names but almost always don't take it as the you know the gospel or anything but it's gonna be the remote pilot in command that is in charge of a lot of things in these scenarios next refer to the chart act which at coeur d'alene which is which frequency would be used as a common traffic advisory frequency or CTF to monitor airport traffic so let's look at the map we see Coeur d'Alene Airport right here now the CTF is something that we can figure out in the legend but just looking closely at it here we see the sea right here is the seat at symbol let's look at the legend really quick so we can see that when we look at the airport data on the legend we see this sea and what's being referred to we find that down here sea follows the common traffic advisory frequency or CTF one thing you need to know about the CTF is that when you see it the number Montse here the number is to the left of the C so it's a little confusing you find the C and you find the number to the left in that case what you would if you had like a aircraft radio it would be one twenty two point eight megahertz and that's what the CTF is for coeur d'alene Airport next question the elevation of Shoshone County Airport Airport is and let's first find out where the airport is and it's over here it's kind of a small little airport wants to know what the elevation is the elevation is on the left side here in italics it is two thousand two hundred and twenty-seven feet this wall usually not have any zeros dropped off of it when it's talking about elevation of an airport in this code right here it's going to tell you what the elevation is in true numbers so 2227 and you can find that out in the legend as well if you forget it'll tell you where the elevation can be found finally the most comprehensive information on a given airport is provided by now this is referring to the sectional charts that we've been looking at are fine but there are actually like a whole different sectional chart which is not included here that's regarding every single airport there are small smaller to remove more detail about particular airports and stuff and those are called chart supplements formally Airport facility directory that's the most what's the question asking the most comprehensive information on a given airport is where we're gonna find that Hana chart supplement not notices to Airmen that's not even what they are and it's not a terminal area chart it is a chart supplement all right next question refer to Figure 2 if an airplane weighs 23 pounds what approximate weight with the airplane structure should be required to support during a sixty degree Bank turn while maintaining altitude so we know it's 23 pounds at a 60-degree Bank it would be to load factory G units now we actually know it's exactly two because well now actually look at this no it is sixty degrees is two so we only have to do this multiplication by two so 23 pounds times two is forty six we don't even need a calculator for that one and there is the answer within how many days must an suas accident be reported to the faa this is if you have any kind of accident especially if it is a serious accident and it's kind of spelled out what serious means it it doesn't want you to think oh yeah I got a cut I got a bruise a small thing he doesn't want you to report that but it gives examples like if you're have to go to the hospital for more than 48 hours or if somebody loses consciousness or serious accidents and it describes that in terms of damaged property to which we'll get into later but the answer for how many days before doesn't need to be reported within and it's 10 days just got to remember 10 days just got to remember it next question is about battery safety again something they want you to know about damaged lithium batteries can caused increased endurance well I'm sure they don't want you to think that a change in aircraft center of gravity well no I can't think of why that would be but I suppose it's possible and in-flight fire is what they want you to know they want you to know that batteries can be dangerous next before each flight the remote p IC must ensure that objects carried on the suas are secure the site supervisor has approved the flight and/or ATC as granting clearance it's a little bit of a trick question here because you might think ATC is granted clearance but the key to that is before each flight every flight that you ever take with the drone needs to be cleared with air-traffic control no of course not not unless you're fine in controlled airspace so every time objects carried on the suas are secured it doesn't make a whole lot of sense of a question but just they want you to know when talking about attaching objects to your drone they want you to make sure it's very very secure and they want you to make sure it is not disrupting the center of gravity so we know because of the way this question is worded that it must be the objects carried on the suas are secure next question you may operate an suas from a moving vehicle when no property is care carried for compensation or higher over a parade or other social events over suburban areas over a sparsely populated area so it wants to know can you operate your drone from a moving vehicle and here the answer is yes you can over a sparsely populated area the way I think about it is if you're on a boat boat is a technically a moving vehicle and you can operate it on a boat over a sparsely populated area so that is the answer for that one to avoid a possible collision with a manned airplane you estimate that you're small you a climbed to an altitude greater than six hundred feet AGL to whom must you report the deviation okay so this is if let's say you're out flying a drone and there is some kind of emergency situation where the only way you can get out of it is to fly over 400 feet which is the limit that you can fly you can't fly any higher than 400 feet but in this scenario you had to fly 600 feet to avoid a plane or something if you do that you're not required to unless they ask you let's say this whole thing was reported on something and whatever they if they ask you to do that then you need to report it to the FAA not air traffic control not the National Transportation Safety Board the FAA this is just almost kind of like a memorization question fa8 upon request fa upon request the next question the elevation of Chesapeake Regional Airport is so wants to know the elevation of Chesapeake Regional and here on the left and italics it's kind of confusing cuz it's only 19 feet above sea level which should make sense it's right next to the sea so 19 feet sea level is the answer to this question if an unstable air mass is forced upward what type of clouds can be expected okay so we already know the unstable air mass has cumulus clouds right but we know that what there wants you to be concerned about is especially cumulus clouds turning into cumulonimbus clouds or thunder heads and that happens when air goes pushes that cloud even higher up in the air which causes all kinds of things to happen with dew point and all this stuff that causes thunderstorms so what will happen if an unstable air mass is forced upward what type of clouds can be expected stratus clouds with considerable associated turbulence no we know they're not going to be stratus clouds clouds with considerable vertical development and associated turbulence well that sounds the best so far they don't specify which type of clouds here but we know that it's going to be considerable vertical development that's exactly what is to be expected in an unstable airmass and turbulence and we know that it's not this one because it says Stratus on the second one - so clouds with considerable vertical development and associated turbulence it basically is asking you a completely different way if you understand what is stable and unstable air masses so the best course of action is to just take the time to learn that next question how would a remote p icy check node UM's as noted in the caution box regarding the marked balloon we've got another question basically worded the same thing we gotta go look for a marked balloon things are easy to find here in like a little box like this and again it doesn't tell us how to check the NOTAM it just tells us what the arm mark balloon what its altitude is so the so wants to know where are you gonna check an Odom you can either by utilizing the before you fly mobile application now the before you find mobile application is a thing that you know can tell you some stuff about airspace and stuff like that but so far I don't think it tells you anything about no Tom's or whatever this is one of those that he wants you to use one of their services or a service they recommend and that in this case is by obtaining a briefing via online an online source such as 1-800 WX brief comm it's certainly not by contacting the FAA district office it doesn't want you to do that so check an Odom by in this case obtaining a briefing via online source as a remote pilot operating near an airport you should expect arriving aircraft to join the traffic pattern at and the answer to this is 45 degrees to downwind and I'll show you a kind of a diagram of how to to remember this all right this is a diagram in the flying handbook from the FAA so basically the wind in this case is going this way to the left so an airplane coming from wherever it's coming from needs to enter this entire pattern at a 45 degree angle going down wind or with the wind and they'll take a left in because the traffic pattern for planes is turning left then usually their final approach will be at upwind and then when that if they have to keep going around crosswind let's say they're taking off this crosswind here is called the base which will be important later so basically it's almost a memorization thing they enter the traffic pattern at a 45-degree angle going downwind all right this question says which basic flight maneuver increases the load factor on an airplane as compared to straight and level flight this is now the third question that they've asked that basically wants you to understand that not stalls not climbs but turns turns are what can increase your load factor the degree of your turn will increase the load factor next question what is the one common factor which affects effects most preventable accidents the answer is human error this this question if you know why they put this here is important to them they're saying that their whole process which are described earlier for trying to reduce human error which is all these acronyms like pave and all these things that try to teach you how to think is something they're very proud of so human error is the one common factor which affects most preventable accidents and keywords there which of the following considerations is most relevant to a remote p IC when evaluating unmanned aircraft performance okay this is one you kind of have to think about what's what considerations are most relevant to the pilot and command when evaluating aircraft performance well okay is it the type of the UAS operation well that doesn't really determine how you're gonna perform how the craft is gonna perform the number of available ground crew well know that doesn't really have any bearing on how the aircraft is going to perform current weather conditions has a lot to do with how the aircraft will perform the study guide makes a big deal about how weather conditions affect the performance of an aircraft for example high density altitude and all that stuff which I'm sure we're gonna get to in a little bit all right this one says according to part 107 helmet how may a remote pilot operate an unmanned aircraft in Class C airspace so remembering Class B and C are the two biggest types of airports in any case is going to be controlled airspace and as you should know by now that anytime you're going to be in controlled airspace you do need to contact the air traffic control or ATC and it can take up to 90 days to get that approval although things are moving faster and more services are becoming available long story short the answer to this one is gonna be kind of a trick question based on when to contact ATC the remote pilot must contact the air traffic control facility after launching know the remote pilot must monitor air traffic control frequency from launch to recovery do you have to listen to the frequency while you're doing that no the remote pilot must have prior authorization from ATC having from the ATC having jurisdiction over that airspace you have to do that get prior authorization next question you have been hired as a remote pilot by a local TV news station to film breaking news with a small UA you expressed a safe safety concern and the station manager has instructed you to fly first ask questions later what type of attitude does this attitude represent and here we go back to their sort of terms for hazardous attitudes in this case it's going to be impulsivity this person wants to get out there and get the footage we'll worry about that later he's being impulsive so that is the answer there all right the next question responsibility for collision avoidance in controlled airspace rests with air traffic control all pilots or the controlling agency this one's kind of intended to trip you up a little bit you might have a tendency to think air traffic control should have responsible for collision avoidance but really all pilots are held responsible for not flying into one another next question if an airplane weighs 33 pounds what approximate weight with the airplane structure be required to support during a 30 degree banked turn while maintaining altitude okay so this one is a little bit different so we've got 33 33 is the weight of the aircraft it's going to be doing a 30-degree Bank which we look over here we find that is one point five four and so we've kind of answered this question before right 33 times 1.15 4 equals 3802 but it doesn't give us the 38 here it gives us 40 pounds and then 31 pounds we know it has to be at least 38 in this case it's gonna be 40 pounds and to be honest I'm really not sure why I think it's because it's trying to say that in addition to that you might have to add 1.15 I don't really I actually have no idea why this is the case I'm sure it's in there somewhere but basically you should be able to figure it out by what's what's there you know it has to be at least 40 pounds so sorry I can't give you a better answer on that one I honestly haven't figured out what they're talking about there all right this next question is another one I have a little bit of trouble with but I think I can walk you through it it says while monitoring the Cooperstown set see taffy here an aircraft aircraft announced that their midfield left downwind to runway 13 where would the aircraft be relative to the runway now the FAA kind of wants you to be able if you're ever near an airport you should be able to monitor air traffic with let's say you had a UHF radio or something like that and you might hear a pilot announced that they're taking off you need to know what that sounds like when they radio that they're there or on their final approach it'll give you an idea of where an airplane is relative to the runway and relative to your position so that's why it's asking you these kinds of questions but honestly there are quite a bit confusing to me so what I think to happen here is that you should kind of superimpose this idea from the airplane flying handbook on to whatever direction the runway is facing in this case it's 130 degrees and if it's midfield left downwind I'm not sure how important the left part is but the downwind and again I one of the things that confuses me about this is the lack of wind direction on these maps but in this case midfield left downwind either way based on the choices we have it would be East this one sort of makes sense to me there's another one on this practice test that you have to pay a little bit more attention we'll cross that bridge when we get to it the next question whose sole task during the suas operation is to watch out for suas for the suas and report potential hazards to the rest of the crew the important thing here is this sole task it's not going to be the remote pilot in command because if the remote pilot in command was the only one operating the drone there was nobody else there with him then he wouldn't have the sole task of just watching the drone he's got a lot of other tasks so in this that's the important part of the way they've worded this question and it's going to be a visual observer so that's in a situation or you have a visual observer for example if you were using you know some kind of first-person view or whatever where you couldn't watch the plane the next question referred to figure 21 you've been hired by a farmer to use your small UA to inspect his crops the area you are to survey is in Devils Lake West MOA east of area 2 how would you find out if the MOA is active ok and we see this right here Devil's Lake West MOA now let's first we see a red kind of wine a kind of odd line there let's check the legend out and the legend is telling us it's an alert area and MOA military operations area okay so we have one of these where I am and basically it's just it's usually a big area where it is possible that military operations could be there it is not if it's like a warning area it's almost certainly not going to be restricted for you to fly in but they want you to know to be very very careful so in this case the answer is going to be refer to the legend for the special use airspace phone number and what the and and that's not the military operations directory I don't even know if that's real or whatever maybe it is this information is available at the small UAS database basically the point is is that MOA s and different alert areas like this in the legend of the map if you see the full map it's gonna give you the actual times and in this case phone number to find out when that area is going to be active and what other restrictions there's going to be on that area so a lot of those kinds of MOA s or alert areas you're gonna actually refer to the legend in order to figure out sometimes it'll have hours of operation kind of thing hora phone number or other contact information so refer to the legend alright so this next question is a little bit difficult it says what effect is high density altitude have on the efficiency of a UA propeller this is one of those things that it's best just to kind of understand and understand the sort of weird tricks that are being playing here as far as I'm concerned the word high density altitude is the confusing part but we'll get to that in a minute so what you need to understand is that imagine air at the ground level is going to be much more dense that makes sense right because all the weight of the air above it is kind of pressing down on it that's why like at the bottom of a sea there's more pressure because there's just more weight same thing with air the air is denser at ground level and what is that how does that affect your drone well it actually is really good for it a lot of air means the essentially the propellers can be more efficient they can move more air around and do things because of the density of the air so low to the ground is great for an high density essentially of air is great but there's a confusing part because the way they word this and I have no idea why high density altitude means the exact reverse of high density what it's referring to if they just switched up the word high and the word altitude high altitude density that would be what it means it means the the density at high altitudes and which is the exact reverse it's very thin and your propellers are not very efficient the higher you go the worse that your performance is going to be because the air is thinner way up high and so it's the exact reverse of what it sounds like because it should read high altitude density which would be low but instead it says high density altitude which is low but it just is worded weird so what effect does high density altitude have on the efficiency of a propeller well it is decreased because at high altitudes the density is very low I know it's confusing but it's something you just need to stare at and understand what's happening all right the next question is an effective use of all available resources human hardware and information prior to and during flight to ensure the successful outcome of an operation is called crew resource management is what they want but don't be fooled into thinking that risk management and safety management systems cannot be answers because they are a part of this whole into you know thing that the FAA wants you to know and talks a lot about is essentially decision-making and how to avoid human error it's a very important thing to familiarize yourself with in this particular case the effective use of all available resources human Hardware and information it wants you to know that crew resource management is a pretty all-encompassing thing for just using all of your resources to ensure its successful outcome of the operation which is true regarding the presence of alcohol with him the human body a small amount of alcohol increases vision acuity no judgment and decision-making abilities can be adversely affected that one's obvious but what I want you to know about this is they could ask you any number of questions about alcohol they could say you know how long do you have to wait before drinking an alcoholic beverage at least eight hours blood alcohol is 0.04 you need to know those numbers you need to know things like it doesn't matter if you wait eight hours and you have a blood-alcohol / 0.04 you know that trumps that you cannot fly a drunk so there's a section regarding drugs and alcohol it's important to just read through at least once it's one of those sections it's good to read through next what could what could be a consequence of operating a small unmanned aircraft above its maximum allowable weight what could be the problems with that you would have shorter endurance increased maneuverability now you wouldn't probably increase your maneuverability or get faster speed this one's obvious shorter endurance and does not want you to increase the aircraft above its maximum allowable weight what should pilots state initially when telephoning a weather briefing facility for prefer preflight weather information this one this one is a kind of tricky I did not get this one the first few times I tried it and it's actually the location of the operation you need to tell them if you're gonna be telephoning a weather briefing facility for pre-flight information you need to initially state where you are and not your certificate number not the address of the remote p IC but the location of the operation all right this one says to refer to figure 12 what are the conditions for Chicago Midway Airport K M D W so if let's first find km DW we're looking at this one let's just read through the meet R so we know we're looking at I don't think we've looked at one of these yet so it's similar to the other ones but some distinctions let's look at it it's the 12th day of the month and it is at 1856 Zulu time that's when it was issued it's saying that the wind will be at 320 degrees at 5 knots the visibility is going to be 1 and 1/2 statute mile it's gonna be rain overcast at 700 feet now with me tars here it's gonna have the temperature in Celsius 17 degrees and the dew point 16 the reason why they group these together is because it's an indication of if there's going to be fog or mist or whatever because in this case they're less than three digits apart from one another and that's an indication that you need to be aware of fog mist and that sort of thing so you want these to never be really too close to each other if you can help it the next one with a a tells us this is going to be barometric pressure and it is defined by putting a decimal point after the first two numbers so it is twenty nine point eight zero and this rmk means a remark so this is sort of like an addendum about this and it is telling us that there are a B which is a briefing up here that stands for rain began and it can either tell you the the time that it began or the minute past the hour it began if it's only two numbers in this case it's also two it's just two numbers oops so we know that the rain began at thirty five minutes past the hour in what hour is that you can refer to win this position so let's answer the question at K M DW it's going to be 700 feet so it's one of these two we know that already and it's gonna be overcast visibility we can see that it's not going to let's see it's gonna say one in 1/2 miles the differences between heavy rain and rain is a plus or minus this one does not say a plus or minus if it was - it would be light rain with no qualifier in this case it's just rain if there was a plus before this RA it would be heavy rain so we know it is this one the next question the most effective method of scanning for other aircraft for collision avoidance is to use this is goes back to that system they were trying to teach us with that graph is it regularly spaced concentration on the three nine and twelve o'clock positions peripheral vision by scanning small sections and utilizing off-center viewing or a series of short regularly spaced eye movements to search each 10-degree sector and in this case we remember the ten degrees although this is worded kind of funny because in the study guide it basically says to overlap them by ten degrees but it can be up to the sectors themselves or 30 degrees it's kind of confusing but we know that we didn't hear anything about any of these first two so although it's worded weird the air the answer is a series of short regularly spaced eye movements to search each 10-degree sector a local TV station has hired a remote pilot to operate their small UA to cover breaking news stories the remote pilot has had multiple near misses with obstacles on the ground and two small UAS accidents what would be a solution for the new station to improve their operating safety culture this one is purely a common-sense question it's a the news station should recognize hazardous attitudes and situations and develop standards operating procedures to emphasize safety and the rest make absolutely no sense if you're thinking logically about how they want you to answer those types of questions this one says refer to figure 26 what hazards to air craft may exist in areas such as Devils Lake East MOA ok so here we are Devil's Lake East MOA what kind of hazards can we expect well we see this wine right here which is going to be a MOA excludes airspace within restricted areas when active so this is one of those situations where you would need to look at the legend to determine when it is active but what kind of in so you can fly in it but you need to be very careful so what can you be looking for in this case the answer is military training activities that necessitate acrobatic or abrupt flight maneuvers but I would say that it's very it's a very difficult question and some of these answers will show up in other places and I honestly don't know how to tell the difference about what they want in certain situations but in this case military training activities that necessitate acrobatic or abrupt flight maneuvers might happen in this area now the other answers are a high volume of pilot training or unusual type of aerial activity that really seems to me like it could just as easily be the answer to that because it just doesn't make any sense why that couldn't also be an answer to me though next one unusual often an invisible hazards such as aerial gunnery or guided missiles that does not seem possible because this is one of these areas that are very broad it's covering many towns it's just trying to say hey there is stuff going on in this area but probably not shooting missiles off to you know one town the other kind of thing so I don't think it's that one but the ant the right answer is that there might be military training activities that necessitate acrobatic or abrupt flight maneuvers says refer to figure 20 area 3 so it's going to give us a specific place with ATC authorization you are operating your small unmanned aircraft approximately for statute miles southeast of Elizabeth City Regional Airport what hazard is indicated to be in area alright so we need to find Elizabeth City Regional Airport first and it can take a while I don't really have a really great system for this but in this case I found it pretty quick Elizabeth City and we do see this area right here caution unmarked balloon on the cable to 3008 MSL so it tells us exactly it's trying to confuse you with AGL MSL but in this case it just tells you MSL so no trouble there I will just use some logic to get that one figured out okay so this question is one of these that I just don't understand you will probably need to go somewhere else to figure this out I've tried to figure it out I've gone to all kinds of different places and read through the whole thing but I just don't understand what they're trying to accomplish with this question the question is while monitoring the Cooperstown CTF you hear an aircraft announced their left base to runway 31 where would the aircraft be relative to the runway all right well if it's a left base to me III you know if I'm gonna go by this I would need to know what which direction the wind is going I think that's what's messing me up because this obviously does not tell you what direction the wind is coming the answer is self the answer is that if you say that your left base to runway 31 and again looking at this chart trying to understand where base is it's relative to the wind but I get this question wrong nine times out of ten I just cannot be I just can't be relied upon to give you exactly how this works I've been told again that this question did not appear on many people's tests but the point is I guess that I am NOT going to be able to tell you much about how to answer these kinds of questions please go elsewhere for more information on that okay so this next question says refer to figure twenty five area seven important to pay attention to that area seven with a map this convoluted with this many airports in it it says the airspace over line McKinney Airport TTI is controlled from the surface - so let's look at area seven and help hopefully we'll be able to find McKinney Airport here it is now McKenney Airport is surrounded by a blue dashed line now usually when you see a circle of dashed lines whether it be blue or magenta it means that that airspace is gonna go right down to the surface and this number here within this circle is gonna because we know it goes down to the surface because of the dotted line the 29 is gonna tell us the ceiling of that airspace of course adding our 2 zeros so 2,900 feet from the surface to 2900 feet so let's look at the answers 700 feet AGL 2,900 feet MSL or 2500 so we know it's gonna be 2,900 I should also say that these are gonna be in mean sea level as opposed to ground level ground level shows up in many different cases within these maps but try to think of it as it's gonna default to sea level well the next question says refer to figure 25 area for the airspace directly over line Fort Worth Meacham Airport is Class B airspace to 10,000 feet MSL Class C airspace to 5,000 feet MSL or Class D airspace to 3,200 feet so let's look at it we've been told especially in a map this big area for so let's look for Fort Worth Meacham in area 4 and see if we can find it pretty quickly here it is Fort Worth Meacham and what is the airspace now you're kind of trying to you know get you a little bit on this one Fort Worth Meacham is definitely within this broader kind of upside-down cake is the way airspace is sometimes described but let's let's see what we can figure out about this now we know because we're gonna go to our legend real quick let's look real close at Fort Worth Meacham and we see it does have a little dot dashed blue line around it so we know it goes to the surface to 3,200 feet we know that for sure let's see if that'll help us any um well it does Class D airspace to 3200 we don't know about the Class D let's check it out on our sectional legend and go down to airspace solid blue Class B dashed blue which we saw is Class D airspace so based on that let's look at it one more time really quickly we know the blue dashed is Class D we know goes from the surface to 3200 let's see if that makes any sense here it is Class D airspace to 3200 feet msl mean sea level all right next question refer to figure 20 area six what does the dashed magenta line east of area six indicate okay so let's go to area six and we see the dashed magenta line in this case normally if we saw a dashed magenta line in a circle around the airport we would know that it meet the airspace close to the ground but in this case the we're looking at this by the way but I just wanted to go ahead and explain while I'm here this kind of faded magenta line means that the airspace does not start at the ground we don't see a dashed magenta line around the airport but it's trying to confuse me here about the - magenta line this was a totally different usage for the - magenta line if we look at it we see it's talking about 1-1 degrees west and it goes if you followed this on the chart it would just keep going all the way up to the North Pole and the reason is those lines are describing magnetic variation the compass for magnetic north varies and this is one of those lines telling you as you go across the country how much that magnetic true north is is varying next question according to 14 CFR part 107 the responsibility to inspect the small UAS to ensure it is in safe operating condition rests with the remote pilot and command the visual observer or the owner buck stops with the remote pilot in command in this particular case always be sure to read the question and be sure that it makes sense because they will try to trip you up on those kinds of questions the ones that you think are easy make sure you're reading the whole thing while operating a small unmanned aircraft suas you experience a flyaway and several people suffer injuries which of the following injuries requires reporting to the FAA scrapes and cuts bandaged on site minor bruises and injury requiring a hospitalization over 48 hours that is the answer and and there are probably different ways you could word this because they're sort of ambiguous with with what they refer to as serious injury but I think you know unconsciousness is one of them and different things basically just err on the side of it needs to be a serious injury in order to report it to an epi to the FAA but you do need to report to the FAA if you caused a serious injury you have to do it next question what is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude such as invulnerability they describe that is it can't happen to me is the way that you are when you're in have an attitude of invulnerability but again it wants to know the antidote for invulnerability which would be the opposite it could happen to me next question refer to figure 12 the wind direction and velocity at k JFK is from so it wants to know about the wind direction and velocity velocity at K JFK looking at K JFK right here we know the the wind direction of velocity is going to be under the KT the knots and it's gonna be at 180 degrees at 4 knots and here they're trying to trip you up by magnetic versus true and when referring to you know these meet ours you basically if the way they say if you if you see this in writing it's gonna be in true true north if you hear it on the radio they do it differently what you don't have to think about because it's not gonna be applicable to you but if you hear on the radio they'll do it in magnetic it the way they say if you read it it's true if you read it it's true wind rip referencing meet ours so in this case cave get K JFK 180 degrees four knots true true north not magnetic north alright so this next question is a latitude and longitude question refer to figure 22 area three determine the approximate latitude and longitude of Shoshone Shoshone County Airport so let's look at area three there we find it and we find the airport right there so what's the latitude and longitude let's find our markers we got a 116 no 48 so I know this is 116 this is 116 and 30 minutes this is 117 again this is 48 so this is 47 30 minutes and let's just go from there so 47:31 to about 47 32 so we had forty forty seven thirty forty seven 31 47:32 alright and 116 11 is what its gonna be but let's just go ahead and count it 116 116 we can jump 10 and 11 so we know for sure that it is correct the next question refer to figure 20 area for what hazards to the aircraft may exist in the restricted areas such as our 53 zero to be alright well let's look at area four and find the restricted area and we see a restricted area here now restricted areas are just that they are restricted and there are circumstances where you could fly in there but you need to get permission from the people that are in charge of that so restricted areas are prefaced by the letter R and so in this particular scenario the answer is well let's just read the answers military training activities that necessitate acrobatic or abrupt flight manoeuvres well that's probably true but let's keep going unusual often invisible hazards such as aerial gunnery or guided missiles that that's what it wants you to know about restricted areas you can't fly in it because there could be bombs going off in there or whatever so and there is a high volume of pilot training or unusual all these things are basically true but the thing it wants you to know about restricted areas is there could be often invisible hazards such as gunnery or missiles okay next question according to 14 CFR part 107 who is responsible for determining the performance of a small unmanned aircraft it's kind of a weird question determining the performance but I they're wanting you to say the remote pilot in command is responsible next question refer to figure 22 area for the floor of the controlled airspace over line the Coeur d'Alene Airport is what is the floor is what it wants you to know so let's look it up we find Coeur d'Alene right here now the floor in this particular area is gonna be the surface because we see a dashed magenta line that means that right around this Airport the airspace is gonna go all the way to the surface let's see how they want to want us to answer this it says at the surface well that's pretty much it because they're asking what the floor is so the floor is at the this refer to figure 15 in the TAF 4k mmm what does SHRA stand for it well we don't really even need to refer to that because we know this stands for showers and rain and so basically that means rain showers the most comprehensive information on a given airport is provided by this is basically a duplicate of the question we saw before comprehensive information about an airport is provided by the Chart supplements that is the extra part of those charts that you know we haven't really seen there is examples of it in the materials but next question refer to figure 22 which airport is located at approximately 47 degrees 32 minutes north latitude and 116 11 west longitude so let's look at it 47 degrees 32 let's just go ahead and do it so we know 48 here so this is 4731 - 47 degrees 32 it's probably this shoshone Xiao Xuan whatever let's see 116 11 and let's find our markers 116 10 11 everything lines up it is shaaanxo shewn whatever that is and I'm sure people will let me know okay when operating near an uncontrolled airport which frequency should the remote pilot use to monitor air traffic and this is that seat after when we look at those charts it's got the C with a circle around it the CTF frequency is what you would use to monitor air traffic the section on this is probably important to look up because Unicom and these other frequencies are sometimes used to basically I don't want to go into the whole thing because it might say something wrong but it is an important thing to look up the rate it least read through one time the section in the study guide about radio next according to 14 CFR part 48 when would a small UA ordering ua owner not be permitted to register it so you cannot register a drone if the owner is less than 13 years of age so on your 13th birthday you can register it but not before then what is the purpose of the rudder on an airplane for this you know it's good to know what pitch yaw and roll is and I think that if you looked at a graph you could see you could eliminate two of them already pitch is pretty easy it's it's how much the nose is pointing up or down we get pitch pitch makes sense to us roll kind of also makes sense if you think of it in terms of like a fighter aircraft that's doing those big rolls on their axis they're longitudinal axis that's a roll and yaw is for lack of a better way to put it turning left and right so we know what a rudder is on an airplane and it is turning left to right basically which is y'all and that is going to be the answer to that one which factor would tend to increase the density altitude at a given airport so this is that confusing idea of density altitude what's going to increase the density altitude so try to think increase means high-density altitude which means the the density at high altitudes which means low density I know it's crazy basically what's going to increase the density altitude to give an airport it almost doesn't matter about all those intricacies because what they want you to know here is that temperature can be an effect to density altitude and the reason is is because when air heats or cools it causes it to rise cetera and that can increase the density altitude so the temperature is the thing not the humidity not the barometric pressure but the temperature is what you need to consider when talking about changes to density altitude or essentially how dense the air is in a given place next question refer to figure 22 area one the floor of the controlled airspace over line the Sand Point Airport is so we want to the floor of the airport and it tells us to look in area one so here's the Sand Point Airport what is the floor now in this case we have the sort of gradient magenta circle around this what this means is that this area is okay to fly a drone in I mean up to a certain level and it's going to either be 700 or 1,200 feet it depends on the situation but since your drone cannot legally fly over 400 feet then you could fly within one of these magenta circles as long as there's not a dashed magenta circle because we know that that airspace goes down to the surface let's see what we can see here the answers it wants is either 700 feet AGL at the surface or 700 feet MSL so we know as I said and I probably ought to look at the legend just to kind of let you see this when you see that faded magenta line Class E airspace with a floor of 700 feet above surface so we know it's going to be in surface measurements in this particular case that laterally about Class G airspace etc so but it also says classy airspace with a floor of 700 feet above surface that laterally abuts 1200 feet or higher Class E airspace to be honest I'm not exactly sure when to determine whether this is 700 1200 feet I know it's one of the other I know it's not exactly great for tutorial video but the point is that we don't need to know because in this case it says it's all 700 feet and we know it's not at the surface and the question is AGL or MSL we know it's AGL from the legend but for whatever reason in this case it's always going to be about ground level and I guess that makes sense because this is obviously a very hilly terrain where the elevations above sea level are quite high so it really only matters how far above the airport wherever it lands in terms of its altitude can you fly in this case 700 feet AGL is the answer I hope that made sense to you next question which crewmember is required to be under the direct supervision of the remote p IC p IC when operating and suas now in this case it's a very weirdly worded question but what it wants you to know basically is that the person manipulating the controls this this question only makes sense if the remote p IC is not the one manipulating the controls under the part 107 you as a part 107 holder can actually supervise somebody that does not have it or somebody that's not licensed if you will to operate the controls but they and they don't have to have it but you need to be there you need to be the remote pilot in command for that situation so when it asks the question which crew member is required to be under the direct supervision of the remote p IC so this is assuming you have more than one person there and that there's a person manipulating the controls it's a weird question but it just wants you to know that there can be a person manipulating the controls it's not licensed as long as you were there next question refer to figure 23 area 3 what is the floor of the Savannah C Class Airport airspace at the shelf or outer circle okay so we're looking for the floor of the outer circle in this case we know it's going to be class see because of the non dashed magenta line and remember this is upside down wedding cake where this inner circle goes from the surface to 40 100 feet AGL or rather MSL so this is sea level whenever it's doing these Bracton these fraction kind of numbers it's defaulting to sea level so but it wants to know what the outer level is and it wants to know what the floor is in this case it is 1300 the outer level of this upside-down wedding cake and the floor is 1300 and we know it's going to be MSL because it's mean sea level when it's in these kinds of brackets inside major class airspace like that next question what are the characteristics of moist unstable air mass one of those things you just got to sit and think about think about your how you remembered this unstable air mass its moist and what is it gonna be Hazen smoke poor visibility smooth air or turbulence and showery precipitation well it's unstable so that remember that's a day that you want to go out into cumulus beautiful cumulus clouds except there is an upward air draft and clear visibility but for whatever reason they always say showery precipitation whenever that is going on the answer is turbulence and showery precipitation for this particular one and again referring you back to the earlier discussion on those points okay so this is another one of those frustrating questions it seems like it's going to be another latitude and longitude question but let's just read it it says refer to figure 26 area 4 you have been hired to inspect the tower under construction at forty six point nine north and ninety eight point six west near Jamestown Regional what must you receive prior to flying your unmanned aircraft in this area the thing about this is the decimal points so it's saying forty-six point nine and ninety eight point six these are not minutes so it's 46 degrees and it's not point 9 minutes and it's not 98 degrees 0.6 minutes it's actually a decimal point so it's almost in this case forty six point nine it's almost forty seven degrees and I'm not exactly sure how they're measuring this you almost have to use your common sense to figure this out because it doesn't seem to make a whole lot of sense okay let's back up so for example if 98 degrees 0.5 if you wanted to render this in a decimal based on how these charts work 98 degrees 30 minutes would be in between right 98 degrees 0.5 should be 98 degrees 30 minutes but it's 0.1 more so should be around 98 degrees point what is that 30 plus 10 is 40 but that number doesn't quite add up to make a long story short you have to basically use your you know common sense to come up with where 0.6 between let's say 98 here and 98 9 here is well we know this is 5 so 0.6 is probably somewhere around here technically right around here but there's no under-construction tower right around here so if we go back and we find this one right here we see the UC meaning under construction and that's almost certainly what it's telling us to do here the issue is that this particular tower is in the magenta line so we know that the airspace is going to the surface meaning you really if you're gonna fly here you need to contact the air traffic control this is not a military zone that's not question isn't about that so not that we're gonna say author 8 authorization from the ATC there's another tricky one that I don't quite understand it says refer to figure 21 the terrain elevation of the light tan area between my note area 1 and Audubon Lake area 2 varies from so wants to know the terrain elevation of this light tan area now we can look at this ledge thing down here and it says that a light tan can vary from 2,000 to 3,000 is that the answer no because it doesn't give you a 2,000 to 3,000 it gives you 2,000 to 2,500 or 2,000 to 2700 the correct answer by the way is 2,000 to 2,500 msl but this is why that doesn't make sense to me is that looking at the elevation of this area from what we can tell we see items over 2500 here certainly well over 2500 and over 2700 for that matter if they're wanting you to draw a straight line or something that still doesn't work because we've got plenty of things that are over 2500 in a straight line we see that 2800 is what it's clearly telling you to fly over and the highest elevation in this areas you know these 20 apes so really nothing makes sense on this I have no idea why the correct answer is 2000 to 2500 feet and it's not just me I've been looking at some forums to try to figure this out and people are just having trouble with this question and I honestly don't know what to tell you about why the correct answer to this particular question is 2000 and 2500 but basically if if you know please describe it in the comments because I and many other people are at a loss for this particular question next question according to 14 CFR part 107 the raw remote piloting command of a small unmanned aircraft planning to operate within Class C airspace is required to file a flight plan is required to receive atc authorization or must use a visual observer plus is a pretty common-sense one if you understand the basics if you're gonna fly in Class C airspace you need to get air traffic control authorization which crew member must hold a remote pilot certificate with a s you a s rating and that's going to be the remote pilot in command and the final question under what condition should an operator of a small UA established scheduled maintenance or protocol so basically you need to inspect your drone before every flight and you need to have a scheduled maintenance protocol if your manufacturer if DGI or whatever does not include in the instructions a maintenance protocol that you need to follow then you need to create your own maintenance protocol and you need to create your own checklist flight checklist or whatever so the answer to this is when the manufacturer does not provide a maintenance schedule is the answer to that question all right this next question you are a part of a news crew operating a suas to cover a breaking story you experience a flyaway during your landing an unmanned aircraft strikes a vehicle causing approximately $800 worth damage when you win unless you report the accident to the FAA let me also talk about a flyaway here something that they may want you to know fly aways happen a lot of times because you get too close to a building or something that has metal in it or some other kind of magnetic interference and the compass in your drone will go crazy it'll point you know all kinds of different directions causing your drone to have to self-correct to try to deal with what it thinks is happening and it can cause all kinds of problems so it can fly away so they actually will ask you questions about that you need to know that that's essentially what's happening if you well let's put it this way if you know that's what's happening you will be able to answer some questions that they ask you about that but here they're saying that $800 worth of damage has been done in this case you have to file a report within 10 days $800 does not include your drone price it means whatever your drone hit if it caused $800 worth of damage to that you have to report it to the FAA with ten days next question you have received an outlook briefing from flight service through one 800 WX brief calm the briefing indicates you can expect a low-level temperature inversion with high relative humidity what weather conditions would you expect the correct answer here is smooth air poor visibility fog haze or low clouds they talk in the weather section and it's important to in the study guide to read about temperature inversion it's kind of weird basically it cause it's caused by things like the ground you know causing a temperature change the low level air for example instead of warm air on the bottom and cold air on the top it can flip and there can be warm air in the top or cold air in the bottom and different things like that in this case the humidity and different things tell us we're gonna have smooth air poor visibility fog haze or low clouds basically study temperature inversion in your study guide next question to avoid although I should say you know I don't know how many questions they're gonna ask you about that they didn't on my test but that doesn't mean you shouldn't try to understand at least what they want you to know about temperature inversion the next question to avoid striking guy-wires how far from a skeletal tower should you operate your aircraft okay guy wires you can think of them like the wires is that usually at an angle supporting some kind of tower structure and they can be hard to see in different things and you need to know that you are supposed to say stay 2,000 feet is the answer to that question it's just one of those memorization things you need to stay 2,000 feet away from guy wires next question safety is an important element for a remote pilot to consider prior to operating an unmanned aircraft system to prevent the final link in the accident chain a remote pilot must consider which methodology okay here we come - this idea I can't stress this enough they're gonna ask you a ton of questions about you know crew resource management sake the safety management system risk management they have like this whole thing about all that stuff and the main thing that you need to do is know you mean you need to read through that section you really do and know exactly I mean you don't have to memorize the acronyms and everything but you need to know what acronym that they come up with for like example pave PA ve you need to know what they want you to know about that what why would you need to at least remember it even if you didn't remember exactly what it was what the elements were you need to know what its purpose is it's important in this case it is risk management and they'll they'll throw you some curveballs with this type of question where it might be career resource management or risk management don't don't do a memorization thing and say okay this is risk management cuz you will get it wrong because they'll switch it up and do all kinds of an interesting stuff with this with this area next question to ensure that the unmanned aircraft center of gravity limits are not exceeded follow the aircraft loading instructions specified in the pilots operating handbook or UAS flight manual so they again with this kind of stuff they basically want you anything drone specific like your drone might weigh a little bit different you need to know they're they're gonna point you back to your DGI handbook or wherever you got your drone the instructions for that [Music] what does a line of the line of latitude at area four measure okay well let's look at area four and basically we see a line of latitude lots of lines of latitude and just like all lines of latitude the answer is going to be the degree of latitude north and south from the equator so we really wouldn't even had to look at the chart for that particular question the next question who is ultimately responsible for preventing a hazardous situation before an accident kurz who's responsible is the keyword responsible and that's gonna be the pilot in command I mean you could say well the person manipulating the controls they're responsible for preventing a hazardous situation no the remote pilot in command is because the person manipulating the controls is under his command the next question the angle of attack at which an airplane wing stalls will remain the same regardless of gross weight change with an increase in gross weight or increase if the center of gravity is moved forward the answer is remain the same regardless of gross weight so this is a physics thing that in which weight is not a factor so they seem to make that a point in several of these test questions this the suffix Nimbus used in naming clouds means a cloud with extensive vertical development a middle cloud containing ice pellets or a rain cloud now it's you there's Nimbus is actually a latin word that does mean like rain or something like that so you will know it's a rain cloud if you know that little factoid but this is a confusing question if you didn't just know that because you know some of these could make sense I can see this is a tough question if you didn't know that Nimbus means a rain cloud so a cumulus cloud when it becomes a cumulonimbus cloud and remember cumulonimbus is the only acronym that appears in the weather reports they'll let you know if it's a cumulant cumulonimbus cloud because that's the that's the dangerous one for pilots so next question what is the valid period for the TAF at km so let's look came in the entire valid period remember all this stuff down here is going to be a part of this right here the I mean it's gonna the first date is gonna be when it was issued the second date is when it's valid through this whole thing so we know it's 12 18 213 24 and so we're gonna click this right here 12 8 into 1324 is the correct answer for that one all right the next question says the floor of Class B airspace at Addison Airport is and this is a really really tough one so first of all it's telling us to look in area two so we'll zoom in on that and we'll try to find and it's an airport let's get a little closer if I can uh Madison Airport is right here now this is very very very tricky so they've done a number of things here you can see when we would be tempted with this dotted line which generally means it's going to be starting at the surface here's the airport keep in mind you've got to look for where the runway is or addison's runway and in this case it's right here but this dotted line does not seem to continue at least I can't see this dotted line continuing into this airspace so this airspace is actually a part of in this blue solid line now what does that mean well the floor it wants us to know where the floor is but this question is messed up because this big two here which was added up on top of the sectional chart is actually covering up a fraction that shows us that it's 2,500 feet we can see the 25 there but it's actually 25 and it's a fraction kind of like this over here the 110 and 20 so this is 2500 is the answer and with these sectional charts probably the biggest number of questions that are gonna be the hardest questions for this are things about airspace floors and ceilings and you know when you're looking at solid line airspace like this you usually want to look for a fraction like this to tell you what the floor and ceiling is this is going to be mean sea level numbers both of these numbers are mean sea level and of course you gotta add two zeros to them but that's important but in general there's a lot of just airspace questions if you're taking notes and there's another thing that you need to study I would watch an entirely different set of videos just watch two or three really good ones about airspace in general and let some of that stuff so can with sectional charts and whatever you can find I'll put a few links in the description of ones as I find them so anyway the answer to this is 2,500 feet we saw the 25 in that fraction kind of an unfair question really because of that question says this question says to get a complete weather overview for the planned flight the remote piloting command should obtain a what type of weather briefing and the answer is a standard briefing the standard briefing is just what the aviation weather Center calls it it calls it a standard briefing and it's got weather information that you will need to know I mean there are more detailed ones but this one is just called the standard briefing and that's what it wants you to know to get a complete weather overview for the planned flight next question which of the following is considered a ceiling okay so we're typically used to thinking of ceilings in terms of airspace questions but in terms of whether the word ceiling refers to a broken or overcast cloud layer and they do ask questions about this and what you need to keep in mind is the the that it's basically the overcast layer at the highest point basically I mean you know from the weather briefings the taps and me tars etc or the taps any way that they described the different cloud layers at different elevation but the ceiling of that is the overclass overcast cloud layer at the topmost position and that might not be the best exact way to explain it but knowing it like that anyway helps you to answer the questions that they will ask about it the next is a stable air mass is most like is most likely to have which characteristic so we know from we're basically memorizing this that a stable air mass is one that has a smooth air it's gonna be raining it's gonna be poor visibility and but it's gonna be stable air with smooth air rather what which technique should a remote pilot use to scan for traffic a remote pilot should concentrate on relative movement detected in the peripheral vision area continuously scan the sky from left to right or systematically focus on different segments of the sky for short intervals that's the one the last one systematically focus on different segments of the sky now they didn't use the 10% thing which they sometimes will do 10% is gonna be something to associate it with associated with that question 30% is actually in the study guide to both 30% and 10% but 10% seems to be the thing that they bring up most often so the next question the floor of Class B airspace over line Hicks Airport north northwest of Fort Worth Meacham is so it's gonna be 4,000 3,200 or at the service surface so let's look Hix airport in area 4 and here we find it picks airport area 4 so wants to know what does it want to know the floor of the airspace so here is the runway the runway is not in any it's not in this one this dotted line it's not in any other dotted lines I can see so it is actually in between one of these layers of this upside-down cake here so once some of the floor so we probably should look for this area to see if we can find one of those fractions and we're looking looking looking and it seems to be right here it this floor is 4,000 feet MSL and the ceiling is 110 or 11,000 feet MSL and that is the most applicable to this now again I want to stress on this sometimes they'll ask you without any kind of thing like that no fractions to look at they just want you to know some ceiling information for example airports that don't have anything I mean any other airspace that contend with I mean just learn as much as you can about airspace try to try to feel like you know what a B D and C airspace is all about and at least has how it relates to sectional charts but again we looked at the fraction we saw 110 over 40 meaning this was gonna be a 4,000 foot ceiling or rather floor excuse me next question when requesting a waiver the required documents should be presented to the FAA at least how many days prior to the planned operation and again we have 90 days it's gonna ask this in terms of unspecified waiver but it can also be other things 90 days is the day too you might have to wait to receive an answer next question identify the hazardous attitude or characteristic a remote pilot displays while taking risks in order to impress others this particular one is macho they describe but all these in detail and they do ask a lot of questions about these so just at least intuitively understand what they're trying to say with these attitudes and why they want you to know them next question after receiving a part 107 remote pilot certificate with an su ace US has rating how often must you satisfy Aria current recurrent training requirements now the answer here is 24 months or 2 years but I would read again the section because they asked me a question like this and gave me basically these options but I got this one wrong on the test I mean it's right here but the question was worded differently about but on the same topic so try to understand read the section about getting your how often you have to renew and different things like that because it will come up or at least it did with me next question you have been hired by a farmer to use your small UA to inspect his crops the area that you are to survey is in the Devils Lake West MOA east of area 2 how would you find out if the is active and I tell you these answers are all over the board in this case it is gonna be a restricted it's got this the red lines let's go to the legend real quick to double check what this says about that and it says it's an alert area and MOA military operations area so how are you gonna find that out and and we talked before a lot of those MOS and other things the answer is to look at the legend of the map we made a big point about that that some of the answers to these questions are legends of a map in this case the answer is contact flight service remember flight service is a proper noun flight the you know flight service it's a automated system where they can warn you about what things are active and so we can get other things as well other notifications Shin which of the following source of information should you consult when first determining what maintenance should be performed on an s suas or its components so what are you gonna look for to find out what maintenance should be done on you're sure there's a drone specific question because it'll be different per drone so they want you to look with a manufacturer's guidance it doesn't want you to look at part 107 that's just about not that local pilot best practices no of course not next question what are the characteristics of stable air going back to our thing here so stable air is going to have poor visibility and steady precipitation not good visibility and steady precipitation or poor visibility and intermittent precipitation we know this because we've had to memorize exactly what stable and unstable air is next question scheduled maintenance should be performed in accordance with the manufacturer's suggested procedures not the contractor requirements not stipulations in part 43 what are characteristics of unstable air so unstable air we're happy to be outside we've got some turbulence though because of that those upward moving drafts but we do have good surface visibility this question is important to know about it says the control tower frequency for addison Airport is now we look at our addison Airport in area two so let's find it here it is and here is the information they want you to know we see the sea and we know that the answer over there is to the left and the Addis is to the right now they'll ask you a lot of questions about these two different things you need to kind of know what these are and how to find them the sea again we look at the legend it'll say it's a sea Taff and that's a common traffic advisory something and basically what that means is or frequency I guess is the last one and you find that to the left and it it's where pilots can announce their intentions I'm about to take off I'm about to land I'm gonna enter traffic whatever any that's where they announced their intentions and that's important for you because if you had let's say a radio or something you could know that there was a plane taking off because they it's a public party line kind of thing add this on the other hand the a stands for automatic terminals something I don't know but basically what it is is a recorded automatic free radio transmission that has general information about the airport and that can include the weather conditions which runways are open you know NOTAMs or anything that people might need to know when the reason that they have this automated system for approaching aircraft to just listen to about that Airport is that it reduces basically reduces the workload for the people in the tower and sometimes you can't even contact a person in the tower so the Attucks gives them the general information and then the sea tab is where you can announce your intentions to enter that airspace or blah blah blah so the answer to this question of course is well the way they acted is that asked it is a little confusing the control tower frequency for Addison Airport is and I mean technically but it's 120 6.0 it's the CTF they're looking for the control tower frequency so that is next question which would most likely result in hyperventilation here they want you to know that hyper vanilla hyperventilation can happen as a result of emotional tension anxiety or fear that I want you to get too scared and then hyperventilate that's the answer that they want for the cause of hyperventilation but technically of course hyperventilation is caused by too much oxygen in your bloodstream I guess that's the I don't know you get the point next question the chart shows a grey line with vr1 667 VR blah blah blah these VR numbers could this area present a hazard to the operations of a small UA so let's take a look okay let's know figure there there we go arey - and here is what they're talking about and when you see these these black lines like this we can look at the legend but they are military training routes four of them really close together sometimes there's just one in this case there's four close together one of the things they want you to know about these is that military planes can go lower than you would expect them to go in these routes sometimes it's not exactly clearly specified because it's a military training route and they can do a lot of different things there so they will want you to know that and sometimes it comes up in the answers so the options they give us here is yes the defined route provides traffic separation - manned aircraft yes this is a military training route from 1,500 feet 8 AGL and below no all operations will be above 400 feet that's what they don't want you to think about military training things they want you to know that it can be from 1,500 feet and below so you need to be careful extra careful or along a military training route because it could really get into your airspace or to where your drone is next question under what condition would a small UAS not have to be registered before it is operated in the United States here it's only going to be if the aircraft weighs less than 0.5 5 pounds on takeoff including everything that is on board or attached to the aircraft so only if you basically have a little toy that really is just not even a drone so what I'm saying here is very few drones weigh less than 0.5 5 pounds less than 1/2 a pound so you do not need a register that one what is the floor of the controlled airspace along the 15 okay let's take a look okay V 15 is a little different it's this blue line and it's not gonna tell you what the floor is here this is like think of it like an interstate for airlines and things like that these are like commonly common routes that they take from place to place and they're not going to be flying too low in fact it's going to be 1,200 feet AGL and it's just gonna be a number that you kind of have to remember with that the floor of those I mean you can fly of course is an under a drone it's no big deal but you do need to pay more attention because who knows what could happen the plane could be having trouble or whatever so 1,200 feet AGL is the floor of that airspace but it is a common traffic area next question when using a small you you a in a commercial operation who is responsible for briefing the participants about the emergency procedures well we gotta go back to the remote P I see not gonna have a FAA inspector in charge every time you fly your drone it's the remote P I see you are a remote pilot for a co-op energy service provider you are you are to use your UA to inspect power lines in a remote area 15 hours away from your home office after the drive fatigue impacts your abilities to complete your assignment on time fatigue can be recognized as being an impaired state they want you to know that being tired and the same way they want you to know that you can take over-the-counter drugs or any kind of medication can actually impair your state they want you to just know that like as broad as possible there are things that can impair you to flying safely next question outside control hours Class D airspace is you know these questions I didn't get a question like this but waited did I I didn't get a question exactly like this but like I said I was tripped up on a lot of the airspace questions because they to my mind weren't exactly covered everywhere so the answer is Class G Class D reverts to Class G in this answer but I've seen a lot of different things out there you can't just say well I know that outside control air areas let's say class Eve reverts one down or that it's actually about whether you need to know if they're gonna have weather reports and that affects whether or not they revert down to different things it's all over the board and these questions are really difficult but in this case the answer is Class G it's just another reason to look up more about airspace next question how often is the remote p IC required to inspect the suas to ensure that it is in in a condition for safe operation and you need to inspect it before each flight every single flight needs to have a pre-flight inspection and the FAA wants you to really know that next question who is responsible for ensuring that there are enough crew members for a given s UAS operation and the person responsible for that is the remote pilot in command don't take all these as a gimme though make sure you read the question and make sure you know exactly what it's asking next question a stable air mass is most likely to have which characteristics now this one is trying to trip you up a little bit because it's giving you two things that are in a stable air mass showery precipitation poor surface visibility both of those are part of stable air mass but it's asking you what's most likely between those two and the answer is poor surface visibility but I honestly don't know why that is more likely than showery precipitation I guess it makes some kind of sense but I don't remember learning that exactly put that away I'm sure it's in there somewhere in the study guide but that's the answer poor surface visibility is more likely than showery precipitation in stable air mass although they have both the next question is a person without a part 107 remote pilot certificate may operate and suas for commercial operations only when the visual observer participates never under the direct supervision of a remote P I see the answer is under the direct supervision of a remote a certified remote P I see so somebody without a certificate can fly a commercial mission if they are in the command of the remote pilot all right so thanks for watching and please subscribe if you've got a lot out of this and it'll help you remember where the video is so you can watch it a number of times I would as I said before also recommend watching the talk Tony Northrup video about the part 107 and good luck