Overview
This lecture explores John Locke’s philosophy and its major influence on American political thought and self-government, culminating in the foundations of American democracy.
John Locke’s Political Philosophy
- John Locke argued government is created by people, not divinely appointed by God.
- Locke introduced the idea of a social contract, where people give up some freedom for protection of life, liberty, and property.
- If government abuses power or fails to protect rights, citizens can withdraw consent and establish a new government.
Origins of Self-Government in the Colonies
- American colonists practiced self-government early, shown by Virginia’s House of Burgesses established in 1619.
- The Mayflower Compact (1620) was an agreement to create laws through voting by male colonists.
- By the 18th century, all colonies had legislatures with elected representatives making laws.
Impact on American Revolution
- Colonists valued limited government and questioned British authority when their self-governance was threatened.
- Locke’s ideas inspired questioning of British legitimacy and fueled the push for independence.
- The 1776 Declaration of Independence was based on Locke’s concepts, aiming for a new nation with limited government.
Lasting Influence on American Democracy
- American democracy is rooted in the principles of government by consent, limited authority, and self-governance.
- These concepts became central to the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.
- America’s experiment with these ideas continues to influence global political thought.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Social Contract — Agreement where people give up some freedoms for government protection of their rights.
- Consent of the Governed — Idea that government power comes from the people’s agreement.
- Self-Government — System where people create and enforce their own laws via representatives.
- Limited Government — Principle that government authority should be restricted to protect individual rights.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution for examples of Locke’s influence.
- Prepare to discuss how colonial self-government laid the foundation for American democracy.