Overview
This lecture covers the process of performing passive range of motion exercises for the hip, knee, and ankle, emphasizing the importance of following individualized care plans and proper technique.
Understanding Range of Motion (ROM)
- ROM exercises help maintain joint flexibility and mobility.
- Each patient’s care plan specifies which joints, movements, and repetitions to perform.
- Always check the care plan, as requirements may vary between patients.
Types of Range of Motion
- Active ROM: Patient performs the exercise, CNA supervises and prompts.
- Passive ROM: CNA performs the exercise for the patient, who does not assist.
Technique for Passive ROM
- Use flat palms and lift from below to avoid causing bruising.
- Support at two joints: for hip and knee, support at the knee and ankle.
- Move slowly, watch for signs of pain or discomfort.
Performing Hip and Knee Flexion/Extension
- Flexion: Bend knee up toward the chest while supporting knee and ankle.
- Extension: Straighten leg back to starting position.
- Perform three repetitions, as specified by the care plan.
Performing Ankle Flexion/Extension
- Flexion: Point toes down like pressing a gas pedal.
- Extension: Pull toes back toward the head.
- Hold heel off the bed to prevent skin irritation.
- Complete three repetitions, observing for discomfort.
Following the Care Plan
- Double-check joint, side (right or left), motion type, and repetitions before starting.
- The care plan is your guide; always adhere closely to its instructions.
- Charting may not be required unless specified.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Range of Motion (ROM) — Exercises that move joints through their normal range to maintain flexibility.
- Active ROM — Patient performs movement with supervision and prompts.
- Passive ROM — CNA moves the joint for a patient who cannot assist.
- Flexion — Bending a joint to decrease the angle between bones.
- Extension — Straightening a joint to increase the angle.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review care plans carefully before performing ROM exercises.
- Practice supporting joints properly and moving limbs gently.
- Memorize the step-by-step directions found in the gray box or flashcards.
- Optional: Create or purchase flashcards for each skill to aid study.