Criminology: Norms, Moral Codes, and Values

Introduction

• Focus on WJEC Level 3 Criminology, Unit 2 on criminological theories.
• Assessment criteria 1.1: Understanding norms, moral codes, and values.
• Differentiate between criminal and deviant behavior.
• Explanation of terms and differences.

Norms

• Definition: Specific rules or expectations for socially acceptable behavior.
• Contextual Variation: Norms change based on social settings and personal characteristics.
  • Examples:
    • Social setting: Behavior on a bus, at school, a party, or sports event.
    • Personal traits: Age, gender, ethnicity, cultural background, religious beliefs.
• Examples:
  • Dress codes at school, college, or work.
  • Quietness in a library vs. behavior at a party or concert.
  • Normal activities vary with age (e.g., playing in a park).

Moral Codes

• Definition: Code of ethics guiding behavior in certain situations.
• Association with Institutions: Education, government, criminal justice system.
  • Individuals expected to act morally and justly.
  • Sanctions for not adhering to moral codes.
• Examples:
  • Healthcare workers: Maintain patient confidentiality.
  • Teachers: Professional conduct, helping students.
  • Police and justice system: Equal treatment, assumption of innocence.

Values

• Definition: Universal beliefs about right actions in society.
• Relation to Norms: Reflect societal beliefs; admired behaviors.
• Changeability: Subject to change with shifts in societal attitudes.
• Examples:
  • Meritocracy: Hard work leads to rewards.
  • Protecting children, ensuring equality and respect for all social characteristics.
  • Deviance arises when values are not upheld.

Conclusion

• Overview of norms, moral codes, and values in criminology.
• Understanding these concepts helps differentiate criminal and deviant behaviors.