Notes on International Humanitarian Law and the Geneva Convention

Introduction to Violence and War

• Humans have historically resorted to violence to resolve conflicts.
• Efforts have been made throughout history to mitigate the brutality of war.

The Geneva Convention of 1864

• Established as a response to humanitarian needs during wartime.
• Marked the beginning of modern international humanitarian law (IHL).
• Set basic limits on how wars can be conducted.

Universal Laws of War

• Protects those not directly involved in the fighting.
• Distinction must be made between combatants and non-combatants:
  • Combatants: Those actively fighting in a war.
  • Non-combatants: Civilians and those who can no longer fight (e.g., the injured, prisoners).

Protection of Civilians

• Civilians must never be targeted; targeting them is a war crime.
• Efforts must be made to avoid harming civilians or destroying essential resources.
• Civilians have a right to receive assistance and protection during conflicts.

Treatment of Prisoners of War (POWs)

• IHL prohibits torture and inhumane treatment of detainees, regardless of their past actions.
• POWs must be provided with:
  • Food and water.
  • Communication with loved ones.
• Preserving dignity is crucial for both humanity and survival.

Role of Medical Workers

• Medical personnel must be allowed to operate freely and without threat.
• All wounded individuals have the right to medical care, regardless of their side in the conflict.
• Attacks on medical services (e.g., Red Cross or Red Crescent) are prohibited.

Advances in Weapons Technology

• New weapons and methods of warfare challenge existing rules of war.
• Some technologies may not distinguish between combatants and civilians.
• Future warfare may involve autonomous robots:
  • Question of whether they can make ethical distinctions in targeting.

The Essence of International Humanitarian Law

• IHL aims to maintain a minimum standard of human dignity during war.
• Focus on preserving the potential for peaceful coexistence after conflict ends.