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Explain the role of aldosterone and its producing gland.
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Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex; it regulates minerals like sodium and potassium, affecting blood pressure.
Which hormone produced by the thyroid gland is more active, and how is it derived?
Triiodothyronine (T3) is more active and is derived from the conversion of Thyroxine (T4) at the target cell.
What are the two primary hormones produced by the ovaries, and what are their functions?
Estrogen and Progesterone; they regulate the menstrual cycle and various reproductive functions.
What are the functions of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)?
FSH and LH stimulate the gonads to secrete sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone) and regulate the menstrual cycle.
Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates the thyroid to produce hormones, and what are those thyroid hormones?
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid to produce Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3).
What role does the hypothalamus play in hormone regulation?
The hypothalamus signals the brain and body, acting as a 'Master Gland' along with the anterior pituitary to regulate various hormonal functions.
Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland and what are their primary functions?
Antidiuretic Hormone (Vasopressin) controls blood pressure via salt and water balance; Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions in childbirth and is known as the 'love hormone.'
How do insulin and glucagon, hormones produced by the pancreas, regulate blood glucose levels?
Insulin lowers blood glucose by enabling cell intake of glucose, while Glucagon raises blood glucose by releasing stored glucose in the liver.
What hormone increases calcium levels in the blood and where is it produced?
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH); produced by the parathyroid glands.
What hormone is responsible for regulating the sleep cycle and which gland produces it?
Melatonin; produced by the Pineal Gland.
Name the hormones involved in the body's fight-or-flight response and their producing gland.
Adrenaline and Epinephrine, Noradrenaline and Norepinephrine; produced by the Adrenal Medulla.
Explain the significance of cortisol and which gland produces it.
Cortisol is a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex; it regulates metabolism, inflammation, and immune function.
Describe the feedback mechanism involving insulin, cortisol, and thyroid hormones.
Hormones can impact each other; for example, cortisol can affect insulin levels, and both can influence the activity of thyroid hormones through complex feedback mechanisms.
Which gland is known as the 'Master Gland' and why?
The hypothalamus is known as the 'Master Gland' because it controls other glands through signaling and hormone production.
What hormone does the pineal gland produce, and what is its function?
The pineal gland produces Melatonin, which helps regulate sleep cycles.
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