Westward Expansion: Economic Development [APUSH Review Unit 6 Topic 2] Period 6: 1865-1898

Overview

• Focuses on the economic development during westward expansion in the United States between 1865-1898.
• Part of the AP United States History curriculum, specifically Unit 6, Topic 2.

Economic Impact of Westward Expansion

• Westward expansion led to significant economic growth and development in the United States.
• The expansion was spurred by several factors including the availability of land, government incentives, and technological advancements.

Factors Driving Westward Expansion

Land Availability

• The availability of vast tracts of land in the west attracted settlers and entrepreneurs.
• Homestead Act of 1862: Provided 160 acres of public land to settlers for a small fee, incentivizing westward migration.

Government Support

• The U.S. government played a crucial role in facilitating westward expansion through legislation and infrastructure development.
• Pacific Railway Act (1862): Authorized the construction of the transcontinental railroad, which connected the east and west coasts, enhancing trade and mobility.

Technological Advancements

• Innovations in transportation and industry supported economic development.
• Railroads: Revolutionized transportation of goods and people, reducing travel time and costs.

Economic Opportunities

Agriculture

• The fertile lands of the west opened up new agricultural opportunities.
• Development of large-scale farms producing grains and other crops for national and international markets.

Mining

• The discovery of precious metals and minerals spurred mining booms in various regions.
• Gold and silver rushes, such as the California Gold Rush, attracted thousands of prospectors and boosted local economies.

Industry and Urbanization

• Growth of new industries related to agriculture and mining.
• Urban centers emerged around mining and agricultural hubs, fostering economic diversity.

Challenges and Consequences

Native American Displacement

• Westward expansion often came at the expense of Native American lands and livelihoods.

Environmental Impact

• Rapid development and resource extraction led to environmental degradation in some areas.

Conclusion

• Westward expansion in the late 19th century significantly shaped the economic landscape of the United States.
• It led to economic growth and diversification but also introduced social and environmental challenges.