Overview
This lecture provides a summary of Chapter 4, focusing on the structure, characteristics, and challenges of the U.S. health care system.
U.S. Health Care System Structure
- The U.S. health care system is a complex mix of public and private institutions.
- Health care delivery occurs in settings such as hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities.
- Health insurance is provided through private employers, government programs, or purchased individually.
- Major government health programs include Medicare (for elderly) and Medicaid (for low-income individuals).
- The Veterans Health Administration serves military veterans.
Key Characteristics and Issues
- The U.S. spends more on health care per capita than any other country.
- Despite high spending, the U.S. does not achieve the best health outcomes compared to other developed countries.
- Many people experience barriers to accessing health care, including lack of insurance or high costs.
- The system faces challenges of inefficiency, fragmentation, and unequal access.
- Technological innovation is a strength but also contributes to rising costs.
- There are significant disparities in health outcomes related to income, race, and geography.
Recent Changes and Reforms
- The Affordable Care Act (ACA) aimed to increase insurance coverage and regulate the health insurance market.
- The ACA expanded Medicaid eligibility and set rules for private insurance coverage.
- Coverage rates improved after the ACA, but gaps and uninsured populations remain.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Medicare — A federal program providing health insurance to people age 65+ and some disabled individuals.
- Medicaid — A joint federal and state program offering health coverage to low-income individuals.
- Affordable Care Act (ACA) — A 2010 law aimed at expanding insurance coverage and reforming health insurance practices.
- Fragmentation — Lack of coordination among providers or parts of the health care system.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review Chapter 4 in the textbook for more detailed explanations.
- Prepare questions on the U.S. health care structure for class discussion.