Lecture on Hypermagnesemia by Professor D

Introduction

• Therapeutic Range: 1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L
• Hypermagnesemia: Anything > 2.5 mEq/L

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Pathophysiology of Hypermagnesemia

• Cause: Increased magnesium intake + renal insufficiency/failure
  • Kidneys responsible for magnesium excretion
• Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: High risk if ingesting magnesium-rich products
  • Examples: Maalox, Milk of Magnesia
• Pregnant Women: Risk when receiving magnesium sulfate for eclampsia
• Antacid & Laxative Use: Risk in patients consuming magnesium-containing products

Magnesium's Effects on the Body

• Nerve & Muscle Function: Magnesium relaxes muscles and nerves
• Initial Manifestations:
  • Hypotension
  • Facial flushing
  • Lethargy
  • Urinary retention
  • Nausea and vomiting
• Advanced Symptoms:
  • Loss of deep tendon reflexes
  • Muscle paralysis
  • Coma
  • Respiratory and cardiac arrest

Management of Hypermagnesemia

• Avoid Magnesium-Containing Drugs
  • Examples: Maalox, Milk of Magnesia
• Dietary Restrictions: Limit high-magnesium foods
  • Green vegetables
  • Nuts
  • Bananas
  • Oranges
  • Peanut butter
  • Chocolate
• If Kidneys Are Functional:
  • Increase fluids
  • Administer diuretics for urinary excretion
• If Kidneys Are Non-Functional:
  • Dialysis
• If Symptomatic:
  • IV calcium gluconate to oppose effects on cardiac muscle

Important Points for Exams

• Hypermagnesemia Causes:
  • Renal failure
  • IV administration of magnesium
  • Antacids/laxatives containing magnesium
• Manifestations Associated with Hypermagnesemia:
  • Lethargy
  • Drowsiness
  • Muscle weakness
  • Urinary retention
  • Diminished/absent deep tendon reflexes
  • Decreased pulse
  • Decreased blood pressure

Conclusion

• Recap of stepping through key points to manage and understand hypermagnesemia
• Invitation to leave comments and suggest future topics
• Upcoming NCLEX review session announcement