Expectancy Violation Theory Overview

Aug 27, 2025

Overview

This lecture covers Expectancy Violation Theory (EVT), its core concepts, how expectancy is formed, and the outcomes when expectations are violated in communication.

Introduction to Expectancy Violation Theory

  • EVT explains how people respond when their expectations in social interactions are violated.
  • Developed by Judee Burgoon in the field of communication studies.

Key Concepts of EVT

  • Expectancies are what people predict will happen in communication, not necessarily what they desire.
  • Violations occur when behavior differs from what is expected in a particular context.
  • The theory focuses on both verbal and nonverbal communication behaviors.

Forming Expectancies

  • Expectancies are shaped by social norms, previous experiences, and the specific situation.
  • They are influenced by factors like culture, relationship, context, and individual traits.

Outcomes of Expectancy Violations

  • When violated, people interpret the meaning and assess the reward potential of the violator.
  • Positive violations may improve perceptions of the communicator; negative violations may harm impressions.
  • The response depends on whether the violation is seen as positive or negative.

Applications and Implications

  • EVT helps explain reactions in situations like personal space invasions or unexpected compliments.
  • Useful in understanding misunderstandings and successful communication strategies.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Expectancy — Anticipation of how others will behave during an interaction, based on norms and past experiences.
  • Violation — An unexpected behavior that differs from what is anticipated.
  • Reward Valence — The perceived value of the violating individual to the observer.
  • Communicator Valence — The positive or negative attributes assigned to the person who commits the violation.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Review case studies where EVT is applied in real communication scenarios.
  • Read the assigned textbook chapter on Expectancy Violation Theory.