This computer screen, we have a lot of announcements today. Let's make sure you can hear me. Okay. Yeah. All right.
So, well, as you know, we've had another. storm spin up in the Gulf. And hang on, I'm talking to Michelle, you're getting, it's insane right now. I have all these alerts coming up. So as you know, You know, we are predicted to, it's going to come over the whole state of Florida.
And as you know, it's not going to be a picnic. So we need to all get prepared for this. So, you know, if you need to go, go. Whatever you need to do, go and do that.
I probably will cancel my office hours today because I'm still trying to do stuff. And we are, there is a quiz due today. I'm going to extend the quiz at least until October 15th. And then again, if you're out of power longer, and we may all be out of power for a while or not, it just depends.
Then we'll catch up with you when you get back. The exam, okay? Exam number three is canceled.
right now for Wednesday. It's not going to happen. UCF is closed from tomorrow, Tuesday, all day Wednesday, all day Thursday. And frankly, my bet is that we're going to have power outages. And if you've ever had power outages, you know, they don't get the power back on in 24 hours.
So I have a feeling we're not coming back till Monday. But again, if you're in a place where you have no power and stuff, We will work with that. We do. We just want you to be safe. That's our number one priority.
So then the next thing is, you know, yeah, and if you're sitting in this lecture and your parents have called you and said, get out and come home, you need to just go. Just go. Well, I'm recording this, so. you know you can see it later and we can do questions later so um now andrea are you here i'm not sure if you're here because you may have also had to evacuate no okay so the si leader is not here because she probably had to go too so obviously again the quiz that was due today is being extended at least until October the 15th. And then even for those of you that are not going to have power and stuff, of course, we deal with that when you come back and you finally have power.
The exam number three is canceled. I have a message up in web courses. What I'm probably going to do is we're going to see how the power situation goes.
And then probably by Monday or Wednesday, I'll open exam number three for about a week. We're going to continue, like if we do have power on Friday, I'm going to go into unit four. We're going to keep going. So we're going to keep going and have classes and you'll just take the test at a time we're not in class or whatever. because we're going to get way behind this way.
But this is life. We do have a certain amount of buffer for this to happen. Okay, so questions about any of those things? We are still going to do exam review today because that's what we had scheduled, and we're trying to keep up. Ah, thank you for reminding me.
I need to extend the extra credit too. Uh-oh, didn't think of that. Extra credit, extend, and quiz.
And thank you for saying that. Yes, everything will be extended. I need to look at when the realizing is due. I need to extend that also.
Everything's getting extended because there's just too much chaos going on right now. Yes, go ahead. Sorry, I came in a little late because Wi-Fi issues, but you said that the like everything that's due today on the 7th is going to be extended.
Yeah. Well, at least until the 15th. And again, you know, there's no telling who's going to be out of power for how long, where. And I famously where I live, we're out of power for two or three days when it goes out or sometimes longer. So and of course, if I don't have power, I can't teach.
So, you know, if you're frantically trying to email me and I'm not answering you, it means I don't have power and I can't see you. And we do have a generator and at some point I'll turn it on if I have to, but we usually just power our refrigerator with that because it's not a big one. Okay. Yeah. Realize it is due.
We're going to, everything will be extended. The extra credit will be extended to realize it will be extended. And again, I understand I may extend it even longer.
I understand that if you don't have power and everything is chaotic, you really can't study right now, obviously. You know, you're thinking about, can you find water? Can you find bread? Can you find peanut butter? And if you're trying to find gas in Seminole County right now, good luck to you.
My husband was out at 4 a.m. And the light tank thing was sputtering. He kept getting air and stuff. But he finally got a half day.
So, yeah, it's getting interesting. So the main thing is we want you to be safe. And we'll deal with all the rest of this. you know, academic stuff later, but we are going to do exam three today. Other questions?
Okay, so everybody knows UCF shuts down tonight, like late, and then they're off Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday. My bet is that we're most people are not going to have power on Friday. I'm looking at, you know, what I think the track is going to be. Okay, so the Exam number three will maybe be next week, but it'll be open for at least a week.
And we'll have class while it's open. We're not going to cancel SI and SARC. We're just going to keep going.
We're office hours. So unlike the other exams where we shut class down, we're just going to keep going because we're going to be in totally other topics by then, probably. All right.
So. There are 10 questions from chapter 8. There are 11 questions from chapter 9 because you know we have to ask about three different cycles and what goes on and there are three questions from chapter 10 which we've given you the questions and the answers to and there's six questions from cellular poisons and so we're gonna go way we're gonna go right here for a minute in the middle of this. These are the questions and the answers from Chapter 10 right here.
The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma. The light reaction produces NADPH and ATP. True.
The light reaction takes place in the silicoid membrane. True. They're all true. All the answers are true for your learning enjoyment. So it's easier to know those.
So we've given you those. So that's one less thing to do. Again, at this point, our expectation is not that you're going to be able to study anything right now.
And we're just going to like work our way through all this. Yes, this is posted in the web courses module. So you want to know the mitochondria?
You know, it's a bean shaped organ. It makes energy. The Christie is the inner membrane.
It has an outer membrane. It also has an intermembrane space, which is very important. That's where we pump the hydrogen. It gets acid, right? That's where the hydrogen gradient is highest.
Tim, transporter of the intermembrane, and Tom, transporter of the outer membrane of the mitochondria that pulls the pyruvates through. The matrix is like all the jello that floats in the mitochondria. In ATP, we talked about that is the energy currency of the cell, right?
The highest energy bond is between phosphate groups number two and three. And hydrolysis releases energy. You add water, you release the energy because it breaks the bond between two and three phosphate groups. We talked about cellular respiration, that it involves... involves glycolysis, and we talked all about that, the acetyl-CoA reaction, which is not a separate subdivision, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
So you want to know what goes in, what comes out, what's the main reason you're doing it, how much energy do you make. And again, we have this thing called ETC, the letter C, chart up. there and it's not just the electron transport team it's a summary of all of cellular respiration in a chart for you so that you can see what's the waste product what's this what's that it's already up there for you i have a question yeah go ahead when we're talking about substrate level phosphorylation phosphorylation does that both include glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?
Yes. So substrate level phosphorylation is the method that we use to make ATP in both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. And what that substrate level phosphorylation means in English is you're making ATP by regular chemical reactions. Unlike this other one, like chemiosmosis, oxidative phosphorylation, Can we add these crazy words?
This is in the electron transport gene where you pump the hydrogen gradient and then use it to spin the ATP machine, which is totally different. So you want to know oxidation and reduction, right? Reduction is where you gain hydrogen or electrons and oxidation is where you lose hydrogen or electrons. And the hydrogen and electrons are potential energy, right? You're welcome.
Okay. They're potential energy. You're kind of putting potential energy into something. The electron transporters are amphipathic.
They're also antiports. Are they antiports? Did I lie or tell the truth? Are they anti or uni?
You tell me. everybody's like frozen. Uniports, yes, they are uniports. Electron transporters only pump hydrogen up and then ATP synthase pumps it down.
Amphipathic means they have both charged and uncharged regions and they are uniports. Yes, okay, see I couldn't fool you. That's good. All right. Aerobic means requires oxygen.
So cellular respiration is aerobic. It requires oxygen. You have to breathe in oxygen.
And in the electron transport chain, you are using the oxygen. You know what NADH is, and it's made in glycolysis in the Krebs cycle. you may see me write it FADH because sometimes I'm lazy or FADH2.
This only comes out of the Krebs cycle and pyruvate comes out of glycolysis and acetyl-CoA comes out of the acetyl-CoA reaction. Questions yet? Okay, how many ATP come from each cycle? Well, from one glucose, we get two ATP from glycolysis.
This is the net when you're done with everything. We get two ATP from the Krebs cycle, and we get 34. the Krebs cycle, and we get 30, it says Krebs cycle, we get 34 ATP from the electron transport chain for a grand total from all of cellular respiration, 38 ATP. Those are the numbers we're using. Yeah, the acetyl-CoA reaction is where pyruvate, okay, so you start out with glucose, right?
Glucose is six carbons, C6. You literally split it in half, so you get a three carbon and a three carbon. These are the pyruvates. So you get two pyruvates. The pyruvate, then you subtract carbon dioxide off of it, and you put some vitamin A derivative on it.
And that is acetyl-CoA, basically. And the acetyl-CoA is going to be the reactant that turns the Krebs cycle, that is metabolized in the Krebs cycle, to get the NADH and FADH and a little bit of energy there. Did that help?
Okay, no problem. So, you know, for cellular respiration, again, you want to know where is it happening. Like glycolysis is in the cytoplasm.
What is another name for the cytoplasm? Lots of students don't know that. Cytosol.
Cytoplasm equals cytosol. What's the main goal of glycolysis? To make the pyruvate. And it makes too measly ATP, which is not much. What goes in?
Glucose. What comes out? Too ATP, too NADH, too pyruvate, you know. So this is, and you know, this is what we, and we didn't talk about waste products from glycolysis because that would have confused you.
Because it's the same as one of the other ones. So you definitely want to know that. And you know, you want to understand the electron transport gene pretty well.
The cytoplasm is called the cytosol. Cytosol. Cytosol. Why is it not typing that?
and cytosol. I'm going to write it. This machine is a piece of work. It doesn't translate. C-Y-T-O-S-O-L.
Cytosol. There we go. Yep. Thank you, Annika. Okay.
So you want to know the electron transport chain, like if we say during when you make the proton or hydrogen gradient. Where is it more acid? It's more acid in the intermembrane space, the intermembrane space, intermembrane space, right?
And if we say, and in what direction are you pumping the hydrogen during that process from the matrix to the intermembrane space? And then if we say, if you're making... ATP through ATP synthase, the machine, which way are the hydrogens going then? They are going from the intermembrane space, they're going in the opposite direction, to the matrix.
They're going down into the matrix. Amphipathic means charged and uncharged regions, hydrophobic and hydrophobic. phyllic areas, other questions about anything? Yeah, so if you are, so this is, if you are making, that's the question, if you're making the proton gradient, so when you're pumping up, This is the matrix, okay, and there's the top.
This is the intermembrane space. When you're making the gradient, you're going... from the matrix to the intermembrane space.
When you're using the gradient through ATP synthase to make the ATP, you're going from the intermembrane space to the matrix. Did that help? I mean, I was like, the only worst test to have a hurricane near would have been Chapter 14 and 15. It's like if we could have just gotten through Chapter 3, but oh well.
But we didn't, so that's how that is. Okay, so the proteins of the electron transport chain, complexes 1, 2, 3, 4. Are they active? So the ones that pump the hydrogen up are active transporters.
The ATP synthase that pumps the hydrogen down to the matrix and spins the turbine to make the ATP is facilitated diffusion. Any questions yet? Can you repeat that, please?
Yes. So I'm going to draw. So here's the complexes.
Here's the proteins. One, two, three, four. And then this is ATP. These are active transport.
All these here, the ones that pump the hydrogen up, they're active. Okay. They're pumping. Again, you know, hydrogen up, hydrogen up.
They're going from low to high. This is requiring energy. This one that makes the ATP is facilitated diffusion.
So this is going with a gradient, but you're going through a protein from high to low concentration of hydrogens. And this one is... from low to high hydrogens. Did that help? Do I need to repeat anything?
Yeah, thank you. Okay, good. All right, let's clear this stuff out of here. All right, so when you lose weight, where does it go? Will you get energy?
And you make CO2 in water. You breathe it out. And if you don't need the water, it goes down the drain.
Why do you breathe CO2 out? You're making it in the Krebs cycle. It's one of the major places you make CO2. And you're also making it in the acetylcholine reaction too. But we're probably not going to go there.
What is ATP synthase? It is the machine in the electron transport. chain that makes the ATP. It spins around and takes the ADP and phosphate and slams the bonds together.
It needs two hydrogen to go down its transporter channel one at a time to do that, right? What is cytochrome A3? Again, this is the electron transport chain. Here's complex one, two.
and they're not really in that order for what we're not going there and here's ATP synthase right here is cytochrome A3. This is like the holder of oxygen so this thing can hold oxygen and then when the hydrogens come down the oxygen and the hydrogen combine and you make water. And then because you're constantly breathing, the next oxygen goes on. So oxygen, we say oxygen is the final hydrogen, or sometimes we say electrons, because all the electrons, we didn't look at those, come back together then. So we say that oxygen is the final hydrogen and or electron acceptor.
We're touching everything to maintain this gradient. Oxygen catches the hydrogen to maintain the gradient. Proton gradient means hydrogen gradient.
What does it do? The proton or hydrogen gradient powers this ATP synthase, this machine that makes ATP. No hydrogen, no power.
So we said that the hydrogen or proton gradient makes the ATP synthase work. You have to put hydrogen down the transporter channel of the ATP machine, which we call ATP synthase, or it won't make ATP. The hydrogen gradient is what powers that. Other questions. Okay.
Then we talked about cellular poisons. And so that was a lot. Exactly.
Cytochrome A3 holds the oxygen, which then catches the protons. That's exactly right. We talked about a lot of cellular poisons.
We're going to ask you to know about DNP and cyanide. It was nice to talk about all the other ones so you could see how they all work. But the questions on the test were going to center on DNP and cyanide because, you know, this is a lot of material already. And we're going to talk about lethal dose 50. Lethal dose 50 is a dose of any substance which would theoretically kill half the population of anything. And we said with DNP.
The problem was that the dose that could really help you lose weight, which you never want to take DMP because it will kill you or do organ damage. I mean, it's illegal. People are selling it illegally.
The dose of dinitrophenol that could like spin your turbine enough to get you to lose weight in all your cells is right on top of the dose that can kill you. And so it's illegal. He said dinitrophenol.
makes the membrane leak hydrogens. So it kind of makes the membranes leaky and the hydrogens can all go through. Now we said before the hydrogens are only supposed to go up through the pumping units and down through the ATP synthase.
All the other places have a hydrogen lock. So all this in here, hydrogen is impermeable. What DNP does is coat the hydrogen and it goes right through.
The hydrogens start going everywhere, every which way they start going down, and you lose gradient. And then as the ATP synthase spins, you get super hot and red. And then if there's no help available, you'll pass away.
DNP makes it leaky. Cyanide, on the other hand, Okay, here's the electron transport sheet again. And there's cytochrome A3 right there.
Cyanide sits on cytochrome A3. And when it sits there, it blocks it. And so you can't get oxygen on it. And so you can't get the hydrogen gradient to be equalized. everything becomes a mess.
And so you build up too much hydrogen down here, and then the pump stops working. But cyanide also works on your hemoglobin, and it blocks oxygen. So it's really fast in action, unfortunately. So when people die of cyanide poisoning, they're cold and blue because they're not getting enough oxygen.
As opposed to DNP, where they're hot and red, every capillary is dilated with DNP trying to get the heat out. Okay, and then we have the Chapter 10, three questions that you need. Calvin cycle, stroma true. Light reaction, NADP for plants, HNATP true. Light reaction in the thylakoid membrane, true.
True, true, true. Easy to remember. There they are.
Lethal dose 50 is the dose of anything that would kill half the population. So it's the numerical dose of something. So like Tylenol actually has a lethal dose 50. You know, it's pretty high actually.
So, you know, this would be the dose of Tylenol that would kill half the population at that dose. Not Thailand, Tylenol. Okay, did that help?
All right. and then yes okay good and then we talked about definitions because we started talking about energy and chapter eight catabolic is breakdown so you're breaking bonds so when you break apart atp Into ADP, that's catabolic. When you break bonds, you usually give off energy. Anabolic is when you build something, you're putting things together. So like protein synthesis, when you're putting the amino acids together, that's anabolic.
Or when you're making ATP, that's anabolic. Okay, that usually requires energy. Exergonic. it gives off energy.
Endergonic is a reaction that you have to add energy to make it work, to make it go. Okay. Lots of students get endergonic and exergonic mixed up with exothermic and endothermic, which we didn't even talk about.
So the gonic part is energy. That's gonic, G-O-N-I-C, the end. The thermic, exothermic, that means specifically heat energy.
So that's why we didn't talk about endo and exothermic, because that's just heat. This endergonic and exergonic are energy. Okay. What are the three types of cellular work? Chemical.
mechanical and that needs a comma and transport and I don't have it in editing so it won't let me do that chemical mechanical and transport there's three types of cellular work oh my gosh I have so many typos in here why why why hmm Phosph... for relation so type of so we're gonna that's p h That's FOS. There should be an H there.
Phosphorylation means when you add a phosphate group, like when you make ATP. Or when you do some other chemical reaction and add a phosphate group. Now my thing's trying. When you add a phosphate group. The molecules are primed up and ready to do work.
So when you add a phosphate group, that's potential energy that you can do work with. The three types of cellular work are chemical, mechanical, and transport. This produces one.
two three and transport chemical mechanical and transport obviously also i'm just thinking of this the um review session that andrea was going to have andrea are you here yet no okay um the si session help session that was going to be exam review that was going to be on Tuesday that's cancelled obviously You're welcome. Okay, so delta G never changes. You can never change it. You can change activation energy. You can lower E sub A activation energy.
You can lower activation energy with an enzyme. Now, there's no way at this point in your education for you to calculate numerically how that would work with lowering E A. That's called McKillis-Menten enzyme kinetics. McKillis-Menten.
Well, anyway, no, this is McKillis-Menten. And this you learn in biochemistry. If you ever wondered what are you using vectors for when you learned them in geometry and algebra, you use vectors for that. It's the most fun thing in the world, but it's a little bit taxing. So obviously in an introductory class, we haven't taught you how to do that.
So if we tell you the activation energy is negative 15 and you add enzyme, what is the activation energy now? It's like you. don't know because you don't know how to do that. You cannot determine that. If there's some weird numbers there, you don't know that.
Okay. Now what you can know is that delta G never changes. So if we start out in delta G is a negative 20 and we like add n times and we do everything, delta G is still negative 20. Delta G, or if it was a positive number, if delta G was positive 40. Whenever you're done, delta G is still going to be positive 40. Never changes. You can change it.
There's nothing you can do to change delta G. That part of the reaction is a constant. It never changes. Laws of thermodynamics. Energy is never created or destroyed.
Okay, so right now all the heat energy from the Gulf of Mexico is being sucked up and turning into the kinetic energy of the hurricane. And then it'll be transferred to the water and the wind. And then it'll be dissipated into the atmosphere when that thing is all done.
Delta G. is a measure of the free energy that is available to work in a cell. Delta G is the measurement of free energy available to do work in a cell after everything else is done. Activation energy can be again lowered. So if this is an energy profile, this is without an enzyme.
If we add an enzyme, it definitely lowers, and there's the delta G down there, lowers the energy needed, activation energy, not delta G energy. The enzyme active site is the place where the reactant goes, and that is the business end of the enzyme that can convert the reactant. and we call the reactant a substrate in enzyme language, right? That reactant then gets turned into the product. So substrate is reactant.
Intermediate is when you're not to the product yet. So if you start out, this is a substrate. And then there might be a couple intermediates where you're not to the product yet. You're kind of like in the process of the reaction.
and then you get the product. You don't want to get intermediate mixed up with D-I-A-T You don't want to get intermediate and intermediary mixed up. Intermediary are the energy carriers that carry hydrogen like NADH. and FADH2.
That's what the energy carriers, like the uber drivers of hydrogen, that's an intermediate, is in an enzyme reaction where you're not done, you're like still in transit in the reaction and you haven't gotten to the product yet. Okay. Enzymes are affected by wrong pH for them, wrong temperatures, sometimes inhibitors.
Enzymes can be inhibited competitively or non-competitively. And so I'm just going to draw an enzyme. This is the active site.
Competitive inhibition is directly blocking the active site with something. Non-competitive inhibition is here. is the active site there's a backdoor site here something bonds at this side or backdoor site and totally changes the shape of the active site so nothing's getting in there so competitive versus non-competitive inhibition again why do you want to inhibit your enzymes because if you were running all your biochemical pathways wide open you would get sick because you would start making Too much of one thing and not enough of another. You have to control.
Like if you haven't eaten breakfast, you are not making a lot of insulin right now because insulin lowers your blood sugar and your blood sugar is already low enough. You don't want to end up on the floor. Okay. And negative feedback is when the product. stops the reaction, goes to enzyme number one, and just stops the reaction.
This is really perfect control because when you have too much of something, it itself goes back and stops the reaction so that you don't get too much of something and your biochemistry doesn't totally get wacky. Substrate is the reactant. Product is what you produce out of an enzyme reaction.
Turnover number is how fast the enzyme works. Some enzymes make their products at 2 per second, and some make them at 2,000 per second. And we said that there are diseases that are based on if an enzyme is working. over its maximum velocity or speed.
And we said that gout was one of those. When gout happens, a special enzyme that works on your nucleic acids to break them down is working at three times its maximum velocity. So speed matters and the enzyme reaction matters.
Does that work? Enzyme optimum is the happy place of each enzyme. What conditions does the enzyme love to work at?
What conditions, temperature, pH, light, will give you the maximum enzyme reaction, where it's going at its maximum conversion of substrate into product? In different enzymes, we said have different things that they like. In your stomach, the enzymes like it acid.
In your intestines, the enzymes like it base. Okay. And then the free energy of the reactants versus the products. In exergonic, you start out with more energy in the reactants and you give off energy.
So there's less energy in the products. prana. In endergonic, you start out with low energy and you have to add energy.
So you add energy to the reactants or substrates. And in the products, in an endergonic reaction, the products end up with more energy in them, with higher energy. And that is that.
Okay, questions for me. So there are 30 questions, just like always. And again, for those of you that joined later, we are not going to have the test on Wednesday because school is closed due to the hurricane.
I'm probably going to open it next week for about a week. And we're just going to keep going and lecture and do unit four and have you guys be able to. do the test.
I'm just going to leave everything open for like a week or so. And again, if you don't have power, don't panic. When you come back, we'll catch you up and get you makeups and all those kinds of things. Because this is going to be a process. It's hitting so much of Florida that they have a lot of power trucks out and pre-positioned, but it's going to be a challenge.
this kind of reminds me of Hurricane Charlie back in 2004, only bigger and stronger. So I am not optimistic that we will be back in school on Friday right now, given what I just saw on the Weather Channel at eight o'clock this morning, you know. Um, yeah, so what I'm what I'm going to do, I mean, again, I don't advise you to try to take an exam during the hurricane, because you're probably gonna brown out your power and stuff. But the exam will open up, but you don't have to take it.
It's just I'm going to extend the date until at least a week or more. And then we'll just see how it goes. Because also, if you don't have power, you can study and You know, also, you're trying to prepare for this, and many of you, your significant others are calling you back home to do things.
Like I said, if you're trying to get gas in Seminole County right now, they're already just about out of it. So, yeah, right now, the models are not in agreement. And right now, it does look like the eye is going to go right over top of all of us here.
UCF, Lake Seminole County, Orange County, but it could veer a little bit. And, you know, the storm is going to be big and fairly strong. So we want you to be prepared for it.
We want you to be safe and we will deal with all the tests and everything later. Professor. Yes, go ahead.
You also said that the quiz today is also going to be postponed, right? Yes, everything is going to be postponed because most of you, I assume, are going to do your classes and then try to go back home. They have said that they will have limited, they're not going to have food service, probably.
They're not going to have, so those of you in dormitories, that's not going to be. pretty if we have no power or know anything for two or three days. It could be longer.
During Hurricane Charlie, power was out in the surrounding apartments at UCF for one week because I knew people that lived there. So we'll see what happens. So the mandatory graded quiz over chapter nine, extra quiz three, salary restoration. realize it and protein synthesis realize i'm going to be like extended yes and so will the exam you know because we don't expect you to be studying right yeah okay yeah all right any other questions about anything so your number one job is to listen to the authorities if you're in a evacuation area you've got to evacuate okay and If you have been looking at this storm, I know it can look scary, but there is some wind shear out there. I mean, it's not going to stop it, but, you know, they're saying that it could go up to 140 to 150 miles an hour when it's in the Gulf.
But there is some wind shear right before it hits land. So they're thinking it's going to go back down. to maybe 115 miles an hour which is better than nothing right so um you know and again as it goes across land it will lose some of its punch um you know but It is entirely possible that we could get winds that are up to 90, 100 miles an hour here.
We've done that before here. UCF has very strong buildings if you are staying, but you need to be prepared for that. So that's what we want you to do is prepare right now. And we'll worry about the rest of everything later.
If you were trying to get me on email and I am not answering you, it means I still don't have. power yet. Okay.
And as soon as I can get back up, I will. And if you don't have power, don't worry. We have ways to deal with all this.
We absolutely do. This is not our first rodeo, unfortunately. All right. Well, I hope that you guys are all gonna be safe and good. And again, if you are in an evacuation area, please, you need to go to somewhere else.
Okay, and I would advise you if you're leaving to leave as soon as possible when you get out of your classes so that you're not in traffic jams to like Timbuktu tomorrow. All right, we'll see you guys later. Now I'm gonna stop recording.