Lecture on the Palazzo Pubblico in Siena

Introduction

• Location: Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, Italy
• Context: Siena as a city-state in 14th century Italy
  • Independent country with its own government
  • Known as a wealthy republic due to manufacturing, banking, and its position on pilgrimage routes

Centers of Power in Siena

• Church, exemplified by the Duomo
• Palazzo Pubblico, site of government meetings
  • Meeting place of "The Nine," rulers of Siena

Frescoes by Ambrogio Lorenzetti

• Located in the main meeting room
• Purpose: To remind rulers of responsibilities and dangers of poor governance

Allegory of Good Government

• Allegorical figures representing ideas
• Justice and Wisdom depicted
  • Justice: Meting out rewards and punishments
  • Wisdom: Guiding Justice
• Concordia: Symbol of societal equality
• Good Commune: Personification of a well-governed city
  • Surrounded by Virtues like Peace, Fortitude, and Prudence

Effects of Good Government

• In the City:
  • Prosperity and flourishing commerce
  • Depicted as a utopia with active trade and culture
  • Open architecture allows visibility into shops and daily life
• In the Countryside:
  • Reflects the landscape around Siena
  • Combination of spring and summer activities
  • Wealthy aristocrats and peasants depicted in harmony

Allegory of Bad Government

• Opposes Good Government fresco
• Tyranny depicted as the main figure
  • Surrounded by Vices instead of Virtues
• Scene of a city in ruin and fear
  • Destruction and neglect evident
• Acts as a warning to the rulers

Symbolism and Themes

• Duality: Justice vs. Tyranny
• Importance of moral governance
• The Virgin Mary as a protector of Siena
  • Connection to religious and civic duty

Conclusion

• The frescoes serve as a powerful reminder of the responsibilities of governance
• The visual representation in the place of governance highlights the direct application of morality and justice