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What is a significant environmental impact of ocean warming?
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Ocean warming can cause coral bleaching, which reduces the biodiversity of coral reefs and the ecosystems that depend on them.
What are some consequences of soil changes in polar regions due to climate change?
Increased erosion and changes in soil chemistry can occur, leading to altered habitats and negative impacts on local ecosystems.
What are some key features of the Endangered Species Act in the U.S.?
The Endangered Species Act protects endangered species and their habitats, prohibiting harm and trade of listed species and promoting recovery plans.
What is the role of the Ocean Conveyor Belt in global climate?
The Ocean Conveyor Belt circulates warm water around the globe, influencing climate and weather patterns. Climate change can disrupt this system.
Outline the key topics addressed in Unit 9: Global Change.
Topics include the ozone layer, greenhouse effect, the Ocean Conveyor Belt, soil and polar regions, ecosystem impacts, ocean warming and acidification, and human activities affecting climate change.
How does ocean acidification occur and what is its primary cause?
Ocean acidification occurs when CO2 dissolves in seawater forming carbonic acid (H2CO3), primarily due to increased atmospheric CO2 from human activities.
Identify a greenhouse gas produced by anaerobic respiration and its impact.
Methane (CH4) is produced by anaerobic respiration and has a significant greenhouse effect, contributing to global warming.
What strategies are recommended for managing time during the AP Environmental Science exam?
Focus on easier parts first to build confidence and manage time, and use the provided timer (digital app) or heed proctors' warnings (in-person).
Why is it important to label answers clearly in FRQs?
Clear labeling (e.g., A1, A2) helps ensure that each part of the answer is identifiable, making it easier for graders to award points accurately.
What are HIPCO factors in environmental science?
HIPCO stands for Habitat destruction, Invasive species, Population, Pollution, Climate change, and Overexploitation. These factors impact biodiversity.
What is the primary international agreement aimed at phasing out chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)?
Montreal Protocol
Explain the significance of CITES in environmental conservation.
CITES regulates international trade of endangered species to prevent their exploitation and ensure their survival.
Explain how the greenhouse effect contributes to global warming.
Greenhouse gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to increased temperatures, melting ice, rising sea levels, and ecosystem shifts.
What are the implications of the Kyoto Protocol for global climate policy?
The Kyoto Protocol aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and was a precursor to the Paris Agreement, although it was not ratified by the U.S.
Describe the difference between oligotrophic and eutrophic water bodies.
Oligotrophic waters are low in nutrients and more stable, while eutrophic waters are nutrient-rich, often leading to algal blooms and dead zones due to instability.
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