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What agricultural innovation contributed to population growth in Song China?
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The introduction of Champa rice from Vietnam in Song China led to agricultural improvements and population growth.
How did the Aztecs and the Inca Empire manage labor and tribute systems?
The Aztecs used a tribute state system with human sacrifices, while the Inca Empire implemented the Mit'a system, demanding labor for state projects.
What characterized the approach of West African empires like Mali and Songhai to state-building?
West African empires like Mali and Songhai developed strongly centralized states through trade and conversion to Islam among the elite.
What were the dominant religions in South and Southeast Asia during this period?
Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism were dominant religions in South and Southeast Asia, influencing social and political structures.
How did the decline in social and legal statuses for women manifest in the Song Dynasty in China?
Women in the Song Dynasty saw a decline in social and legal statuses, with practices like foot-binding symbolizing elite status.
Describe the system of maintaining rule in the Song Dynasty in China.
The Song Dynasty in China maintained rule through an expanded imperial bureaucracy where bureaucrats had to pass civil service exams based primarily on Confucian texts.
What societal structures were prominent in Europe during this period?
Europe was fragmented into numerous states with varying degrees of Christian influence, based on feudalism and manorialism.
How did the East African Swahili cities thrive economically during this period?
East African Swahili cities thrived on Indian Ocean trade, increasingly adopting Islam and benefiting from the trading networks.
Which regions in Africa highlighted indigenous religious practices during this period?
Zimbabwe and Ethiopia in Africa highlighted indigenous religious practices, with Ethiopia maintaining a Christian state.
What were the key differences between Neo-Confucianism and traditional Confucian thought in the context of the Song Dynasty in China?
Neo-Confucianism revitalized traditional Confucian thought while minimizing Buddhist influence, emphasizing hierarchical social structures and filial piety.
What were some of the significant advancements made in Dar al-Islam during this period?
Dar al-Islam witnessed significant cultural and scientific advancements, making contributions in mathematics and translating Greek philosophical works.
What characterized the differences between Mahayana Buddhism and Theravada Buddhism in the context of China?
Mahayana Buddhism in East Asia promoted broader religious participation compared to Theravada Buddhism, which was prominent in places like Sri Lanka.
How did the economy in Song China experience significant commercialization?
Song China experienced significant commercialization by selling surplus goods domestically and across Eurasia, trading commodities like porcelain and silk.
What characterized the Mississippian culture in the Americas?
The Mississippian culture was notable for its large mound structures used for community and religious activities in the Americas.
Describe the Bhakti Movement in Hinduism and its impact.
The Bhakti Movement in Hinduism focused on individual devotion over ritual sacrifices, influencing religious practices in South Asia.
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