Heimler's History: Unit 4 of the AP Government Curriculum

Overview

• Focus: Development of American political beliefs, measurement, and influence on policy.
• Core Values: Individualism, Equality of Opportunity, Free Enterprise, Rule of Law, Limited Government.

Objective

• Explain the relationship between core beliefs of U.S. citizens and attitudes about the role of government.

Core American Values

1. Individualism

   • Emphasis on self-reliance and independence.
   • Contrast to more community-oriented cultures.

2. Equality of Opportunity

   • Belief in equal footing for all to pursue life, liberty, and happiness.
   • Rejection of hierarchies or special classes.

3. Free Enterprise

   • Preference for minimal government intervention in the economy.
   • Emphasis on free market and supply and demand.

4. Rule of Law

   • Belief in equality under the law for all citizens.
   • No special privileges based on status.

5. Limited Government

   • Well-defined limits and restraints on government power.
   • Separation of powers and checks and balances system.

Interpretation of Values by Political Ideologies

• Conservatives

  • Cherish and preserve established institutions.
  • Prefer smaller government with fewer public services.

• Liberals

  • Advocate for reforms to enhance justice and equity.
  • Support changes that lead to increased justice and equity.

Conservative vs. Liberal Interpretations

• Individualism

  • Conservatives: Self-centered individualism prioritizes individual over society.
  • Liberals: Enlightened individualism prioritizes societal interests.

• Equality of Opportunity

  • Conservatives: Meritocracy, success based on effort.
  • Liberals: Acknowledge unequal starting points, support adjustments for fairness.

• Free Enterprise

  • Conservatives: Minimal government interference.
  • Liberals: Government intervention is necessary for workplace equality and safety.

• Rule of Law

  • Conservatives: Laws embody equality, focus on the letter of the law.
  • Liberals: Highlight unequal application, especially for minorities.

• Limited Government

  • Conservatives: Strong federalism boundaries, less interference.
  • Liberals: Support government intervention for societal benefits.

Conclusion

• While core values are shared, their interpretation varies between conservatives and liberals.
• Understanding these differences is crucial in comprehending American political beliefs and attitudes towards the role of government.

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