Flashcards for:
Earth Science Regents Review

The polar jet stream shifts southward during winter, which influences weather patterns by bringing colder air to lower latitudes.

The Foucault Pendulum demonstrates Earth's rotation because it changes its oscillation plane over time, providing visible proof of Earth's rotation.

Key water cycle processes include evaporation, transpiration, runoff, and condensation. These processes are crucial for the movement and distribution of water within Earth's system.

A plateau has high elevation and flat bedrock. The Catskills are classified as a plateau.

Key greenhouse gases include CO2, CH4, and H2O vapor. Deforestation increases CO2 levels because trees that absorb CO2 are removed.

Volcanic ash layers serve as excellent time markers because they are easily recognizable and can be traced over wide geographic regions, allowing correlation of rock layers.

A redshift indicates that an object is moving away from the observer, while a blueshift indicates that an object is moving towards the observer.

Subtract the wet bulb temperature from the dry bulb temperature to find the temperature difference, then use a reference table to find the corresponding relative humidity.

Earth's axial tilt of 23.5 degrees causes the variation in solar intensity and day length that leads to the changing seasons.

In a total solar eclipse, the Sun, Moon, and Earth are perfectly aligned, with the Moon completely covering the Sun. In a partial solar eclipse, the alignment is not perfect, so the Moon only partially covers the Sun.

Earth travels approximately 30 degrees in its orbit around the Sun each month (360 degrees/12 months = 30 degrees per month).

At a depth of 4000 km, the temperature is approximately 5700°C, indicating that the material is in a liquid state.

Relative dating uses the principle that rock layers and features that cut across other layers are younger than the layers they cut through.

As Earth orbits around the Sun, the nighttime side of the Earth faces different parts of space, making different constellations visible at different times of the year.

Terrestrial planets have rocky surfaces and are closer to the Sun, while Jovian planets are gas giants and are located in the outer solar system.