Flashcards for:
Inheritance Principles Lecture Notes

A dominant allele is one that expresses its trait even if only one copy is present. It is represented by a capital letter (e.g., T).

Represent parent alleles, fill in the squares by combining alleles, and count the resulting phenotype frequencies.

Homozygous recessive means having two identical recessive alleles, e.g., tt or gg.

Homozygous dominant means having two identical dominant alleles, e.g., TT or GG.

Sequences of adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).

Alleles separate during gamete formation, resulting in each gamete carrying only one allele for each gene.

The phenotypic ratio is commonly 9:3:3:1.

An alternative form of a gene represented by capital or small letters (e.g., T for dominant, t for recessive).

Heterozygous means having one dominant and one recessive allele (e.g., Tt).

Consider two traits, identify parental genotypes and gametes, use a 4x4 Punnett square, determine F1 and F2 generations, calculate 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Genotype refers to the genetic make-up (e.g., TT, Tt, tt), while phenotype refers to the physical appearance (e.g., tall, short).

Genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.

Determine parent genotypes, represent gametes, use a Punnett square, derive F1 generation, calculate ratios.

They are essential for understanding and answering exam questions accurately.

A recessive allele only shows its trait if two copies are present and is represented by small letters (e.g., t).