Connective Tissues and Joints

Connective Tissues

• Ligaments
  • Connect bones to other bones
• Tendons
  • Connect muscles to bones

Joints

• Definition: Point where one bone articulates/meets with another

Types of Joints

1. Synarthroses
   • Immovable joints
   • Example: Skull (bones fused in adults)
2. Amphiarthroses
   • Slightly movable joints
   • Example: Vertebral joints
3. Synovial Joints (Diarthroses)
   • Types and Examples:
     • Ball and Socket: Shoulders, hips
     • Hinge: Elbows, knees
   • Characteristics:
     • Lubricated by synovial fluid
     • Surrounded by synovial capsule

Cartilage in Joints

• Articular Cartilage
  • Smooth cartilage lining bone surfaces in joints
  • Composed of hyaline cartilage
  • Avascular (lacks blood vessels)
  • Hard to heal if damaged due to lack of nutrients

Arthritis

• Definition: Inflammation of joints
• Causes: Overuse, infection
• Effects: Destruction of articular cartilage
• Symptoms: Pain, stiffness