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Which phyla are associated with the 'tube within a tube' body plan?
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From Nematoda onwards
Which germ layer forms connective and muscular tissues?
Mesoderm
In which phylum do you see the transition from diploblastic to triploblastic organization?
From Platyhelminthes onwards
What is the defining feature of animals exhibiting the 'blind sack' body plan?
They have a single opening serving as both mouth and anus, seen in Cnidaria and Ctenophora.
Which type of body cavity is fully lined with mesoderm?
Coelom (true coelom)
What kind of body symmetry is exhibited by adult Echinodermata?
Radial symmetry
Which phylum lacks germ layers entirely?
Porifera
What level of organization is seen in Platyhelminthes?
Organ level
Which germ layer typically forms neural tissues during embryonic development?
Ectoderm
Provide an example of a pseudocoelomate phylum.
Nematoda
How many germ layers do diploblastic animals have, and which are they?
Two germ layers: Ectoderm and Endoderm
Which phyla exhibit tissue level organization?
Cnidaria (Coelenterata) and Ctenophora
Can you name an example of an animal with spherical symmetry?
Some sponges
What type of symmetry does Cnidaria exhibit?
What type of animals are classified as acoelomates?
Platyhelminthes
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