so here is our epithelial tissue and here is our connective tissue so epithelial tissue is your outer surface connective tissue is your um you know the surface underneath the outer surface underneath the epithelial cells and then in between the epithelial tissue and connective tissue we have our basement membrane which is also our basal lamina so if i were to look at it you know from a zoomed out version here is your epithelial tissues right over here and you can see when you're looking at your epithelial tissue do you see how there's lots of cells we look at all the cells there lots and lots of cells in your epithelial tissue connective tissue doesn't have as many cells it has a lot of fibers okay has a lot of fibers and fibers are important um they keep your your skin your gums nice and tight when you have an inflammation the fibers actually break apart and it starts to make your gums look very puffy it can start to inflame your your skin for example if you're looking at your skin if you're looking at gums it can the fibers can break apart it can get puffy so fibers are an important and integral structure of our tissues now what i want to point out to you guys over here is um two things actually this um i'm gonna show you right over here so this see if i can outline it this bump that you see over here okay this ridge actually i should say this ridge is known greedy ridges or some people say retty ridges so i'm going to write that down so this when it's when you look at it and it's this part over here okay so the ridge that we're looking at over here is known as rati ridges and then when you're looking at it so this is when you're looking at it from this view down when you're looking at it going up okay so when you're looking at it going up so if i'm looking at this area over here and i'm looking at it from that is known as your connective is that known as a propeller so it's actually known as your connective tissue papillae or um so all these over here this bump that you see that's going up that bump going up is your propeller or connective tissue properly and the bump going down so this bump over here is your reti rhetoric ridges okay another thing to point out over here is as we said this is your epithelial tissue this is your connective tissue and if you guys remember there is a layer that is separating okay that is separating the epithelial tissues from your connective tissue do you guys remember where that layer is yeah that is your basal lamina or basement membranes or there is a layer separating between the two between the epithelial tissue and connective tissue known as your basal lamina all right good another thing to note is that connective tissue is also known as lamina propria so if you hear the word lamina propia all is referring to is that layer underneath your epithelial tissue your connective tissue where you have minimal cells you have more cells here in the epithelial tissue so minimal cells here lots of fibers and there's also blood supply in your connective tissue area over here one more thing i want to talk about is something called cell junction so there's something called desmosomes and hemidesmosomes so i'm gonna look at it by using this visual over here so when we're looking at this picture over here okay this is where you can when you have two cells that are connected by something and that something is called a desmosome so i'm going to write this down over here there's no zoom so this over here the cells are connected by a desmosome so two neighboring epithelial cells are connected together by a desmosome in here we see another desmosome here we see another desmosome here we see another desmosome so basically it is cell to cell connection and that's what we're seeing here two cells are being connected by a desmosome so and that's kind of what it looks like there's it kind of snaps together okay like that it's kind of like um i've read how you know how if you have a denim jacket and you're buttoning up the denim jacket it snaps together and that's exactly what's happening here it's snapping together um via a desmosome now look over here and you can see this is half of a desmosome right because if you look at the desmosome if i were to draw this out a desmosome looks like this okay so we have like two sections okay a hemidesmosome looks like this it's half of a desmosome and so when we're looking at a hemi hemi stands for half when we're looking at a half a desmosome or a hemidesmosome i'm actually going to write this down over here so that we can um know how it's spelt out so hemi as mozo like okay there we go hemidesmosome it's a half a desmosome now what you need to know about a hemidesmosome is that it connects the cell to the basal lamina so when the cell is connected to the base of lamina that is known as a hemidesmosome okay so this is a hemidesmosome and this is a cell two basal lamina connection based on nominal connection okay separate these because it gets messy so when you have a cell to basil laminar connection and the cell is connected to the basal lamina here is cell to base the lamina here's another hemianism cells connecting to the basal lamina here's another hemidesmosome it's hypodesmosome right that is considered a hemidesmosome so the reason why the cells are nicely packed together over here is because of the desmosome connection and then the reason why the cell is nicely connected to the connective tissue is because of the hemidesmosomes when the cell is connected to the basal lamina or basement membrane which is then connected to the connective tissue