Notes on Filippo Brunelleschi

Introduction

• Born in 1337 in Florence, Italy
• Renowned architect known for his innovative designs and mathematical approach
• Influential figure in Renaissance architecture

Major Contributions

Influence on Architecture

• Studied Roman architecture, bringing classical order back to Italy
• His designs influenced architecture worldwide
• Recognized for simplicity and ingenuity in design

Founding Hospital (Ospedale degli Innocenti)

• First major public commission
• Construction began in 1419
• Featured a long high porch and a square court with arcades
• Launched Renaissance architecture by reviving classical antiquity

Basilica of San Lorenzo

• Commissioned by Giovanni Medici in the 1420s
• First ecclesiastical building by Brunelleschi
• Mathematical use of columns, straight lines, and flat planes
• Detailed proportions influenced by his understanding of perspective

Pazzi Chapel

• Small dome church inspired by the Pantheon
• Construction began in 1429, completed posthumously
• Noted for perfect geometry and stunning design; a masterpiece of Renaissance architecture

Dome of Florence Cathedral (Santa Maria del Fiore)

• One of Brunelleschi's most significant works
• Monumental size; built without ground support
• Octagonal shape requiring geometric principles for construction
• Challenges included:
  • Need for special scaffolding
  • Machinery for hoisting materials
  • Innovative structure design to prevent crushing the base
• Developed a double shell design:
  • Lighter outer shell
  • Thicker inner shell for added strength
• Engineers his own tools to ensure success
• Completed on August 30, 1436, after 16 years of work

Legacy

• Structures appear simple but are based on a system of proportion
• Measurement units repeated throughout to create harmony
• Died on April 16, 1446; buried in the Cathedral of Florence
• Funerary mask made in his honor
• Influenced later designers, including Michelangelo
• His works still stand today, showcasing his enduring legacy.