okay guys here's Timmy coming at you again and we're gonna go over a little bit of them excuse me a review of what we've learned over the last couple of classes so remember if you look there are two main classes of compounds in the body they are organic compounds and by definition an organic compound my definition it contains carbon hydrogen and oxygen chemically bonded together so if you see here you got a carbon hydrogen and an oxygen chemically bonded together so this is organic this little chemical you don't need to know the chemical formula or structure this guy's glucose and glucose is an example of a carb a carbohydrate then you get this guy here again look carbon hydrogen oxygen chemically bonded together just in a different way so this is fat and then finally you got the guys who are really important the ultimate players in the body you have the amino acids and these guys are so important I'm gonna give them their own special slide we've done this years ago I mean you know why I didn't write because I was busy doing something like maybe working on my golf game or something anyways oh my god we talked about the fact that in the body you have these amino acids and again who cares about the structure learn that go to grad school or study on your own look carbon hydrogen oxygen chemically bonded together but the unique thing about that is these guys have this nitrogen compound this NH 2 and even though that says NH 3 don't make no nevermind don't worry about it this guy there is the amino group so this is what differentiates makes different amino acids between amino acids the carbs and the fat and these guys are really important there aren't the most important organic compounds in the body and you have 21 individual amino acids and what amino acids do is if you string them together so if you take individual amino acids inside a cell and you string them together chemically bond them together right making this up you make a protein so again and the two big classes of proteins in the body are structural proteins and functional proteins so the structural proteins they basically they provide your the framework of your body so what kind of holds you together makes you you are structural protein so you got your hair collagen I could go on you know nails those are all structural proteins so they help build you the ones that are really critical and they're all critical but this is more critical of the functional proteins and the two classes of functional proteins are enzymes and hormones so let's talk about those guys the functional proteins the ones that make the stuff happen in your body by the way without these functional proteins these enzymes you wouldn't be around very long so again enzymes are proteins and again proteins are made of amino acids chemically bonded together and enzymes control all the chemical reactions in your body so think of enzymes is like little workers and like aniline at a factory some products coming down the line when your job is to put on a boat that's all you do he put that bolt on and then that little product but everyone making slides down to the next guy and he puts a nut on that boat that's all he does all day eight hours a day so enzymes are specific meaning they can only make one type of chemical reaction happen if you need to have another chemical reaction happen in your body and your cells then you gotta send it to another specific enzyme that just does that chemical reaction so let's get back into this enzymes control all the chemical reactions in your body now what I need to you need to I'm going to stop and take a moment of silence because the next thing I'm going to try to explain to you is critical and ultimately this is how all people end up dying enzymes are proteins and proteins are amino acids chemically bonded together little Dash is a chemical bond but okay I'm making this up so in your cells when you have to build an enzyme you will put together the amino acids I'll explain that in a minute just take this on faith right now so you take the individual amino acids that you got from eating a steak or Joe Weider protein powder and those amino acids get inside your cell and they will help you build enzymes to make the chemical reactions inside yourself happen so when you string them together you make a protein all right so watch we'll go back to the alphabet 26 letters let's string together a difficult word see a T here kitty-kitty anyways what this is big Paul when you put together a word knotting it not only are the letters that you use important but is the sequence in which you put the letters so if you take those same letters C 80 and you put them in a different order you have a different word so letters make words individual amino acids strung together make proteins so not only are the individual amino acids that get chemically bonded together determine the protein it is the sequence which you put those amino acids together that ultimately determine the protein that you make so if you have this protein right here amino acid for combined with amino acid 8 and amino acid 12 if you take that and you put amino acid 8 first amino acid for second an amino acid 12 third you have altered the sequence of those amino acids so you will no longer have the same protein so this is critical watch it are you watching write this down tattoo it someplace I don't know maybe on the maybe on your neck on the left side of your neck so when you're looking in mirror oh yeah right so watch each individual amino acid carries an electrical charge charge got it positive negative yeah simple enough so watch inside the cells your body once you string together those amino acids I'll explain more about that later right now just get this now you've made this protein what do I tell you each individual amino acid carries an electrical charge and I'm making this up so amino acid for positive you know it's at eight negative you know acid 12 positive and when you string those together once you've strung them together the charges on each one of those individual amino acid is going to they're going to interact opposites attract yeah and like charges repel so once you strung the individual amino acids together those charges are going to interact and I'm making this up I'm not sure where it would look like here's the point but once those charges interact it's gonna cause that protein to bend and twist and have a particular shape and the shape of the enzyme determines its function just like a key to your house then unlocks your door it is shape specific if you take the key that normally opens your back door and you take your pliers and you bend it it will no longer open your back door so the amino acids that make up the protein and then ultimately make up the enzymes the enzymes perform all the chemical reactions inside your cell and what's important about the shape timmi Talia the shape determines its function so if you altered the shape of an enzyme you will alter its ability to perform chemical reactions and sad as this may sound all we are as human beings is a ton of chemical reactions and what causes all those chemical reactions to happen faster in your body yup you got it enzymes so here we go again the shape of that protein and in this case the shape of that enzyme is going to determine whether or not that enzyme can do its job so I'm gonna call this girlfriend and we're gonna go out and because I dated her a long long time ago and I looked a little bit better I had hair and a lot of other stuff anyways but I want to look good for her come on try here we go what's hair made out of dad's right here is protein so tonight when I come back from making futures at Gateway Technical College I'm going to go to the bathroom and I'm gonna take my curling iron and I'm gonna apply heat to my hair and when you apply heat to your hair you change the shape of that protein does that makes up your hair so I went from straight and bald to curly and bald so but but but what's the goal of the body to maintain homeostasis to maintain that internal balance that's critical to the abdomen optimal function of your body it's a lodge what controls all the chemical reactions inside your cell of enzymes what are enzymes made out of cut it out Timmy protein what's important about that protein the shape determines its function what do you want to do you want to function optimally so watch it at what body temperature at what body temperature do the enzymes of your cells work optimally work the best oh it's 98.6 so why is our body's temperature 98.6 because that is where the critical enzymes of your body specifically your prey work the best because at 98.6 that shape of that enzyme is optimal and when it's optimal it performs the best chemical reactions so watch Ed if you get a fever so you get fever 103 how you gonna feel hey let's go run a marathon or better yet let's read the textbook yep well maybe in a delusionary fee bro you know right before you cease you might think about reading the textbook but anyways I digress so if you have a fever you don't feel good and one of the reasons you don't feel good you don't have a lot of energy you feel weak is because as the temperature the body goes up what does it do to the shape of the enzymes it changes it it changes the shape of that enzyme because you heated them up and when you alter the shape you alter its function it doesn't work as well at a fever of 103 at what temperature doesn't work ideally 98.6 say yeah that's beautiful alright so I redeem with you a little bit today in the important parts of the functional proteins in your body and the big guys are the enzymes one more thing before Timmy leaves the building and I'll go into this more one of the things that is measured that doctors will order when a patient is really sick when they are really jacked up is they will order a pH level of blood pH level I'm just going to talk to you about this and then I'll explain more later so again the pH really is a measurement of how acidic or basic Sid Nick or basic the blood is it's not a good sentence but you get it so what what's the goal of the body to maintain homeostasis the pH scale goes from zero to fourteen seven being neutral the pH of the blood therefore the cells has to be maintained between seven point three five and seven point four or five if you alter the pH if the pH comes becomes low too acidic or two basic you die and the reason you die is because of this alright another date old girlfriend calls I'm like Who am I to say no right so I want to try to look good for so I'm gonna try and work on this here which to be perfectly honest you know you just reach a point in your life where you look in the mirror and you say I don't think so meaning the amount of work that you would have to put in to try to look even presentable is simply too much work so I'm at that stage anyways I'm gonna try something England so come home look at my hair what's left of it and I remember here is protein right and the shape of the protein determines its function in the case of hair I used to sequence those amino acids together will determine the shape of your hair whether you have curly hair whether you have straight hair so I don't like my straight hair or what's left of it so I'm gonna go to the beauty parlor and get a permanent a permanent what do they put in a person's hair if it's straight to make it curly you're not gonna believe this they put acid on your hair what does acid due to the pH it drops your pH your hair now becomes more acidic and when you change the pH of your hair it will cause hair that will stray to become curly why you've altered the pH of your hair and when you alter the pH it will alter the shape of the protein now you're following me and you know where I'm gonna go next yes so why is the pH of our blood 7.35 to 7.45 well that's because the goal of our body is to maintain homeostasis those levels whatever they are where the body works optimally and specifically the brain so the pH at which the enzymes of your body the cells of your body the lens AIIMS that perform all those chemical reactions where did they maintain their optimal shape at what pH 7.35 to 7.45 so if your pH drops to 7 it will alter the shape of those enzymes and those enzymes to perform all the chemical reactions and your cells of your body specifically your brain ain't gonna work so good if you alter the pH where it becomes 7.6 so its alkyl it it's gonna alter the shape of those enzymes and the chemical reactions inside your cell and the most important ones are in your brain will alter the shape of those designs and they won't be in their optimal shape so at what pH do the enzymes of the cells of your body work optimally at least most of them - right so 4:35 7.45 them Duke boys got my money BAM now you understand why a fevers bed or your body temperature gets cool you're outside in the cold for so long you don't work so good or if you alter the pH so again the most critical component that you need to understand today is enzymes are made of protein what are proteins made out of individual amino acids chemically bonded together so not only are the amino acids that are used to make the protein important but is the sequence in which those amino acids are chemically bonded together because if you alter the sequence you will alter the shape of that protein and if you alter the shape of the protein it will not be able to perform its function because the shape of the enzyme determines its function all right that's all I got for you today I'll come back at you in a few more days