Nutrition 300: Dietary Fats - Lecture Notes

Introduction

• Lecture focuses on dietary fats, also known as lipids.
• Primary type of dietary fat consumed: triglycerides.

Triglycerides

• Structure:
  • Composed of a central molecule with three "legs" called fatty acids.
  • Resembles a stool with three legs.
• Functionality:
  • Majority of fats we consume are triglycerides.
  • In the body, triglycerides break down into fatty acids.
  • Fatty acids are crucial as they are used by muscles for fuel during activities like exercise, resting, and watching TV.

Fatty Acids

• Importance:
  • Released from body fat to be used as fuel.
  • Muscles utilize fatty acids for energy.

Phospholipids

• Characteristics:
  • Similar to triglycerides but have both fat and water-soluble components.
  • Act as emulsifiers, holding together watery elements like vinegar and fatty elements like olive oil.
  • Used to create stable mixtures such as vinaigrettes.

Cholesterol

• Structure & Role:
  • Considered a lipid; large and complex molecule.
  • Essential for the body but can be synthesized internally.
  • Present in animal products.
  • Used in the synthesis of vitamin D, estrogen, testosterone, etc.

Fatty Acid Structures

• Description:
  • Chains of carbon atoms with hydrogen.
  • Can be straight or bent depending on the arrangement.

Functions of Fat in the Body

• Energy Storage:
  • Acts as a primary storage form of energy.
• Hormone Production:
  • Estrogen and testosterone are made from cholesterol.
  • Other hormones from dietary fatty acids aid cell communication.
• Insulation and Cushioning:
  • Provides insulation and cushioning for the body.
  • Vital for infants for temperature regulation and protection.

Dietary Considerations

• Essential Nutrient:
  • Fat is essential; a no-fat diet is not viable.
  • Low-fat diets are possible but should still include some fats.

Conclusion

• Understanding different types of fats and their roles is crucial for proper nutrition.
• Fats are more than just an energy source; they play multiple roles in maintaining health.