this is video number one for my nutrition 300 classes uh the dietary fats week this is recording number two of number one because number one i didn't have my mouthpiece in place and it sounded like i was talking in a cave we're going to eat some dietary fats in a cave in moria where the dwarves dwelled delved too deep all right so dietary fats are also called lipids the primary type of fat that we eat is a triglyceride a triglyceride is basically a molecule that has four parts if you will a top and then three legs it's like a stool seriously like an old wooden stool that has three legs and the legs can have different shapes those legs are called fatty acids not fats fatty acids is the actual technical term and the shape is the important part of this lecture because it gets to the shape of the fatty acid the type of fat that you eat and then the health properties of that fat so when we talk about fat we talk about the parent molecule here it is i'm circling it the triglyceride which again is like a stool that has three legs and those legs are called fatty acids um fatty acids themselves are actually just kind of worth talking about because in actuality even though we eat to mostly triglycerides what what gets in the body is a disassembled triglyceride and we disassemble it into fatty acids and when we when we release fat from body fat so during exercise while we sleep our you know sitting on a couch watching tv and we're using our fat for fuel what gets released from fat is or are fatty acids so you know fatty acids are pretty important they're what muscles take up and burn for fuel fatty acids but the parent molecule is the parent molecule is the triglyceride and that's mostly what we eat triglycerides are fatty molecules they dissolve in fat they like all the other fats in the stomach they float on top of the gastric juice right that said though we also eat something called phospholipids these are parent molecules that look like triglycerides but are slightly different phospholipids aren't only fat soluble they have a little bit of a fatty component to the molecule and a little bit of a watery component to the molecule so phospholipids are the kind of molecule that does handshakes it can hold on to something watery like vinegar hold on to something fatty like olive oil and if you add a phospholipid to those things you make a vinaigrette and it has different properties than let's say just oil and vinegar and the last one which is slightly indented i'm not sure why it is indented is cholesterol cholesterol is considered a fat or a lipid it's a gigantic molecule it's it's its structures insanely complicated it is essential but it is so essential we actually can make it so why do we add to the why do we add it to this list because for those of you who do eat animal products and that's really the bulk of people on the planet do eat animal products then you're eating cholesterol because cholesterol is only found in animal tissue milk animal liquid stuff whatever so if you eat it you'll use it but if you're vegan or vegetarian and you don't eat cholesterol that's fine because it's so essential we make it here's your typical here's a typical structure of fatty acids these are these are drawn in the way they would draw fats in the olden days um you know this is a long chain of carbon and you see it's bent a little bit here this is a fatty acid it's just a long chain of carbon here's another one a long chain of carbon add three of those together put a put a cap on it that's a triglyceride so here's another summary of kind of all the fats we eat i'll start at the bottom since you know this is we don't eat as much of this here's cholesterol it's a very elaborate molecule you can you could you can ignore the cysteine all that is a cholesterol-like product found in plants which can actually be used to treat your blood bad cholesterol which kind of completely different thing but but there's a purpose there's a reason why it's on the slide i'm not going to discuss it so cholesterol is a pretty complex molecule we make it in the liver it's used to make things like vitamin d and estrogen and testosterone it is essential but if you eat it so it is essential so we make it but if you eat it we will use it calm up but you don't have to eat it the second kind of molecule that we don't eat in great abundance like i said was phospholipids phospholipids have these long chains this is a long chain of carbon this is kind of drawn cartoonishly a long chain of carbon and they call this a polar head that just means it likes water and so your standard phospholipid is used in things like creams and sauces and i'll explain the way it works later but the top is the bulk of your diet triglycerides the parent molecule sucrose maltose and lactose are in many ways parent molecules to glucose fructose and galactose we break down maltose sucrose and lactose and we absorb fructose glucose and galactose well this is the parent molecule it has a head called glycerol or stool cap whatever you want to call it and then three little legs called fatty acids these fatty acids are really just chains of the element carbon like a pearl necklace and around the chain is a bunch of hydrogen sometimes they're straight in this example they're all straight they don't have to be they could be crooked and we'll explain what that means and and more about that when we get to it and finally what are the functions of fat in the body i think for most people you know we use it for energy it's a storage form of energy but i mean it has other really important uses though and there's reason there's a reason why it's essential there are some hormones that are made from fat like estrogen and testosterone are made from cholesterol there are other hormones which are not as well known and they're actually made from dietary fatty acids that we have to eat and they're essential for the for the way cells talk to other cells um estrogen and testosterone is kind of like the sex glands organs talking to the whole body but cells do talk to neighboring cells and those involved little hormones called paracrine factors and those can be made from dietary fat insulating your body is a role for fat cushioning the body is a role for fat infants and newborns don't have a lot of muscle muscle generates heat so the way infants maintain their body temperature is they have a lot of fat and when an infant starts crawling and walking they crash into all sorts of stuff and you are thankful that your one-year-old has a lot of body fat because they fall in ways that are scary and yet they get up crying and screaming and they're completely healthy okay and so you can look over this list but you know those are the major key things for fat fat is essential we do have to eat it you can eat a low fat diet you don't need to but you can you just can't eat a no fat diet