Anthropological Conceptualization of the Self

Introduction

• Anthropology is the study of culture.
• Culture has a great influence on shaping a person's behavior and thinking.
• Lesson objectives:
  • Identify the contributions of anthropology to understanding the self.
  • How culture and self complement each other.
  • Discuss the construction of self and identity in society.
  • Explain the concept of identity struggles.
  • Develop insights into having one's own identity across different cultures.

Concept of Nature and Nurture

• The self is an interplay of nature (genetic inheritance) and nurture (socio-cultural environment).
• Example: The Badjao in Mindanao and Visayas.
  • Culture revolves around the sea.
  • Biological adaptation: larger spleen for diving.

Egocentric and Sociocentric Perspectives

• Egocentric
  • The self is autonomous and distinct.
  • Example: American culture – assertive and independent.
• Sociocentric
  • The self depends on the situation or social setting.
  • Example: Japanese and Chinese cultures – emphasis on social group and kin-ties.

Social Identity and Identity Toolbox

• Construction of social identity based on similarities and differences.
• Identity toolbox: kinship, family, gender, age, language, religion, ethnicity, appearance, socioeconomic status.
• Philippine context:
  • Family membership, gender, and religion are significant parts of identity.

Changes in Identity

• Changes in identity marked by rites of passage:
  • Separation: Detachment from former identity (e.g., clearance before graduation).
  • Liminality: Transition phase (e.g., graduation ceremony).
  • Incorporation: Full integration into new identity (e.g., after graduation celebrations).

Key Concepts

• The culture one grows up in greatly influences our personality.
• Two perspectives: egocentric and sociocentric.
• Identity is composed of various aspects like family, religion, ethnicity.
• Our identity regularly changes through rites of passage.
• Following culture is important to avoid friction in society.

Conclusion

• Culture has a significant effect on the formation of self and an individual's personality.
• Understanding the anthropological perspective can help navigate a multicultural and dynamic world.