[Music] hi and welcome back a three size lessons.com dot uk' by the end of this video you should be able to describe how sperm cells nerve cells and muscle cells of specialized to carry out their functions now all of these are animal cells we've already seen the structure of an animal cell in a previous video this diagram shows you a general animal cell animal cells can look different to this depending on their function and that were looking at in this video so let's get started here's the first key idea that you need to understand most animal cells are specialized in other words they've got adaptations which help them to carry out the particular function when cells become specialized scientists call that differentiation so where you look at three specialized animal cells which are each adapted to carry out their function we're going to start by looking at sperm cells the job of a sperm cell is to join with an ovum in other words an egg cell and we call this fertilization during fertilization the genetic information of the ovum and the sperm combine so let's look at how sperm cells are adapted for this process just like any animal cell sperm self-contained their genetic information in the nucleus homeless sperm cells only contain hostage attic information of a normal adult cell are not going to see more on that when we look at we production in a later video sperm cells have a long tail which allows them to swim to the ovum they've also streamlined to make this easier now sperm cells are packed full of mitochondria and these provide the energy needed for swimming finally sperm cells contain enzymes which allow them to digest their way through the outer layer of the ovum okay the next episode of lockout on nerve cells I'm showing you a picture of a nerve cell here the job of a nerve cell is to send electrical impulses around the body looking at the structure we can see that nerve cells have a long axon the axon can read the electrical impulses from one part of the body to another the accent covered with myelin myelin insulates the axon and a speed of the transmission of nerve impulses the end of the axon has sign answers sign of the adjoint shoes which allow the impulse to pass on one nerve cell to another and finally the cell body of the nerve cell has dendrites these increase the surface area so other nerve cells can connect more easily I'm showing you no nerves are connecting here okay the last organ look at on muscle cells now the key feature of muscle cells is that they can contract in other words get shorter and I'm showing that here to do this muscle cells contain protein fibers which can change the length when I must also contract these protein fibers shorten decreasing the length of this cell muscle cells are also packed full of mitochondria to provide energy for muscle contraction now one important point that muscle cells is that they work together to form muscle tissue and we're going to look at that in more detail in a later topic remember you'll find plenty of questions on specialized animal cells in my vision workbook and you can get up by clicking on the link above okay so hopefully now you should be able to describe how sperm cells nerve cells and muscle cells are specialized to carry out their functions you [Music]