Lecture Notes: Political Parties Overview

Introduction

• Warm welcome to audience.
• Topic: Political Parties (Civics discussion).
• Structure: Discussion will follow a Q&A format.

Key Topics Covered

1. Meaning and Functions of Political Parties
2. Party Systems
3. National and State Parties
4. Challenges to Political Parties
5. Reforms for Political Parties

Details

1. Meaning and Functions of Political Parties

• Definition: An organized group of people with similar ideologies that contest elections and hold power in government.
• Components:
  • Leaders: Face of the party.
  • Active Members: Support leaders, participate in activities.
  • Followers: Passive members.
• Functions:
  • Contest elections.
  • Make policies and programs.
  • Make laws.
  • Role of opposition.
  • Shape public opinions.
  • Access to government schemes.

2. Party Systems

• Types:
  • One Party System: Only one party controls government (e.g., China).
  • Two Party System: Power alternates between two main parties (e.g., USA).
  • Multi-Party System: Multiple parties have chances to gain power (e.g., India).
• Key Terms:
  • Alliance: Pre-election parties joining.
  • Coalition: Post-election joining when no clear majority.

3. National and State Parties

• National Parties:
  • Criteria: 6% votes in Lok Sabha or assembly elections in four states with 4 Lok Sabha seats.
• State Parties:
  • Criteria: 6% votes in legislative assembly elections with 2 seats.
• Examples: As of 2021, 8 national parties in India.

4. Challenges to Political Parties

• Challenges:
  • Lack of internal democracy.
  • Dynastic succession.
  • Growing role of money and muscle power.
  • Lack of meaningful choice to voters.

5. Reforms for Political Parties

• Reform Measures:
  • Constitutional Amendment: Anti-defection law.
  • Supreme Court Order: Mandatory affidavit for candidates.
  • Election Commission Order: Organizational elections and income tax returns.

Conclusion

• Summary of discussion points.
• Emphasized the importance of being informed and understanding political systems.
• Encouraged to attend future sessions for deeper insights.